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Kendall K. Miller, Michael R. Wagner, Effect of Pandora Moth (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Defoliation on Growth of Ponderosa Pine in Arizona, Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 82, Issue 6, 1 December 1989, Pages 1682–1686, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/82.6.1682
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Abstract
Defoliation of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson and Lawson, by the pandora moth, Coloradia Pandora Blake, results in a significant reduction in basal area growth compared with undefoliated trees. A high proportion (83%) of heavily defoliated trees produced no growth in the year following defoliation. Heavily defoliated trees produced more growth than moderately defoliated trees one year after the last defoliation. Overall, tree growth is not related linearly to defoliation intensity.