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Floyd F. Smith, Asher K. Ota, Charles W. McComb, John A. Weidhaas, Development and Control of a Wax Scale, Ceroplastes ceriferus, Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 64, Issue 4, 1 August 1971, Pages 889–893, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/64.4.889
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Abstract
A wax scale Ceroplastes ceriferus (F.), that is widespread in eastern Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia infests burford and Chinese holly and about 23 other shrubs and trees. Adult females of the single annual generation overwinter and lay eggs in May or June; crawlers appear in June and July. The most effective contact insecticides against the crawlers and 2nd-stage nymphs were azinphosmethyl, Bay 93820 (isopropyl salicylate O-ester with O-methyl phosphoramidothioate), propoxur, carbofuran, diazinon, dimethoate, and ethion in oil. However, only Bay 93820 and carbofuran were effective against 3rd instars. Dasanit (O, O diethyl O-[P- (methylsulfinyl) phenyl] phosphorothioate) and phorate used as bark treatments killed 2nd instars. Phorate used as a soil treatment killed 2nd instars slowly, and carbofuran used in this way killed both 2nd and 3rd instars.