NoteFrass failure and pupation failure as quantal measurements of Bacillus thuringiensis toxicity to lepidoptera
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Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis cyt1Ba crystal protein against hymenopteran forest pests
2013, Journal of Invertebrate PathologyCitation Excerpt :B. thuringiensis strains PS86Q3 and PS201T6 and Escherichia coli strains NRRL B-21017 (expressing the cyt1Ba gene from PS201T6) and NRRL B-21018 (expressing the 130-kDa protein gene from PS201T6) were obtained from the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (Peoria, ILL). Culturing, harvesting and toxin solubilization protocols were described previously (van Frankenhuyzen and Gringorten, 1991). Concentrated crystal–spore suspensions were obtained by repeated centrifugation and washing of lysed cultures in filter-sterilized distilled water.
Bioassay of bacterial entomopathogens against insect larvae
2012, Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate PathologyInsecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins
2009, Journal of Invertebrate PathologyCitation Excerpt :Because individuals vary in their response, toxicity is often estimated as the quantity that needs to be administered to obtain an observable effect (lethal or sublethal) in a given proportion (usually 50%) of the test population, yielding a 50% effective or lethal concentration (hereafter referred to as EC50 or LC50, respectively). Although sublethal effects (feeding inhibition and growth reduction) are the more sensitive indicators of crystal protein toxicity (MacIntosh et al., 1990; van Frankenhuyzen and Gringorten, 1991), mortality was used as response variable in the majority (∼95%) of the bioassays. Toxicity differences within and among species are of primary interest but are confounded by other factors.
Effect of fenoxycarb on leucine uptake and lipid composition of midgut brush border membrane in the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera, Bombycidae)
2001, Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology