Table 1.

Summary of trees used in treatments and as controls in 2010, 2013, and 2018.

201020132018
Treatment group 12 trees pulled first to primary anchorage failure and then to ultimate failure (uprooted)
Treatment group 28 trees pulled to primary anchorage failure and left standing with a lean2 trees failed in the meantime, 6 pulled non-destructively to 0.25°1 tree failed in the meantime, 5 pulled non-destructively to 0.25°
Control group 110 trees first pulled non-destructively to 0.25°, then to ultimate failure (2 trees uprooted, 8 stems broke)
Control group 26 trees first pulled non-destructively to 0.25°, then pulled to ultimate failure
Control group 35 trees pulled non-destructively to 0.25°