Electrode insertion method | Differential* | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conventional | Driver | ||||||
Scientific name | Common name | Time (Sec) | Needles bent (%) | Time (Sec) | Needles bent (%) | Time (Sec) | Needles bent (%) |
Hardwoods | |||||||
Acer rubrum | Red maple | 3.38 | 52.6 | 1.20 | 0.0 | 2.18 | 52.6 |
Betula nigra | River birch | 2.84 | 46.6 | 1.48 | 0.0 | 1.36 | 46.6 |
Carya glabra | Pignut hickory | 3.73 | 82.7 | 1.78 | 7.5 | 1.95 | 75.2 |
Carya tomentosa | Mockernut hickory | 4.68 | 85.3 | 2.11 | 15.1 | 2.57 | 70.2 |
Castanea dentata | American chestnut | 1.25 | 15.0 | 1.07 | 0.0 | .18 | 15.0 |
Catalpa bignonioides | Catalpa | 1.40 | 17.5 | .80 | 5.5 | .60 | 12.0 |
Celtis occidentalis | Hackberry | 3.68 | 45.2 | 2.01 | 0.0 | 1.67 | 45.2 |
Cercis canadensis | Eastern redbud | 1.88 | 22.6 | 1.48 | 7.4 | .40 | 15.2 |
Cornus florida | Dogwood | 3.58 | 82.6 | 1.47 | 7.4 | 2.11 | 75.2 |
Fagus grandifolia | American beech | 3.02 | 32.6 | 1.45 | 0.0 | 1.57 | 32.6 |
Fraxinus pennsylvanica | Green ash | 3.34 | 78.7 | 1.40 | 7.4 | 1.94 | 71.3 |
Ilex opaca | American holly | 2.74 | 45.2 | 1.72 | 15.0 | 1.02 | 30.2 |
Juglans nigra | Black walnut | 2.25 | 45.3 | 1.46 | 0.0 | .79 | 45.3 |
Liquidambar styraciflua | Sweetgum | 3.08 | 37.6 | 1.54 | 7.6 | 1.54 | 30.0 |
Liriodendron tulipifera | Yellow poplar | 2.14 | 41.0 | 1.04 | 2.5 | 1.10 | 38.5 |
Nyssa sylvatica | Black tupelo | 2.50 | 37.5 | 1.35 | 7.3 | 1.15 | 30.2 |
Ostrya vlrginiana | Eastern hophornbeam | 3.80 | 77.7 | 1.79 | 5.5 | 2.01 | 72.7 |
Oxydendrum arboreum | Sourwood | 2.64 | 52.6 | 1.16 | 7.3 | 1.48 | 45.3 |
Plantanus occidentalis | Sycamore | 3.16 | 45.0 | 1.66 | 0.0 | 1.50 | 45.0 |
Populus deltoides | Eastern cottonwood | 1.39 | 27.6 | 1.07 | 0.0 | .32 | 27.6 |
Prunus serotina | Black cherry | 2.71 | 52.6 | 1.47 | 0.0 | 1.24 | 52.6 |
Quercus alba | White oak | 2.78 | 65.0 | 1.10 | 5.0 | 1.68 | 60.0 |
Quercus coccinea | Scarlet oak | 3.59 | 62.0 | 1.57 | 7.1 | 2.02 | 54.9 |
Quercus falcata | Southern red oak | 4.89 | 71.2 | 1.39 | 5.2 | 3.50 | 66.0 |
Quercus marilandica | Blackjack oak | 2.02 | 57.6 | 1.15 | 7.2 | .87 | 50.4 |
Quercus nigra | Water oak | 3.98 | 65.2 | 1.88 | 15.1 | 2.10 | 50.1 |
Quercus prinus | Chestnut oak | 2.26 | 61.0 | 1.24 | 9.8 | 1.02 | 51.2 |
Quercus stellata | Post oak | 2.54 | 52.6 | 1.14 | 0.0 | 1.40 | 52.6 |
Quercus velutina | Black oak | 4.99 | 73.1 | 1.63 | 12.6 | 3.36 | 60.5 |
Robinia pseudoacacia | Black locust | 2.18 | 42.6 | 1.47 | 0.0 | .71 | 42.6 |
Ulmus americana | American elm | 2.20 | 35.1 | .89 | 0.0 | 1.31 | 35.1 |
Average | 2.92 | 51.9 | 1.42 | 5.1 | 1.50 | 46.8 | |
Conifers | |||||||
Juniperus virginiana | Eastern redcedar | 2.11 | 62.7 | 1.38 | 17.5 | .73 | 45.2 |
Pinus echinata | Shortleaf pine | 2.01 | 32.6 | .99 | 0.0 | 1.02 | 32.6 |
Pinus elliottii | Slash pine | 1.52 | 17.5 | .96 | 0.0 | .56 | 17.5 |
Pinus palustris | Longleaf pine | 2.11 | 22.6 | 1.24 | 7.6 | .87 | 15.0 |
Pinus strobus | White pine | 1.67 | 27.6 | 1.26 | 0.0 | .41 | 27.6 |
Pinus taeda | Loblolly pine | 1.90 | 31.8 | .98 | 3.2 | .92 | 28.6 |
Pinus virginiana | Virginia pine | 2.33 | 47.6 | 1.21 | 12.5 | 1.12 | 35.1 |
Taxodium distichum | Baldcypress | 1.56 | 25.2 | .99 | 0.0 | .57 | 25.2 |
Tsuga canadensis | Eastern hemlock | 1.87 | 12.3 | 1.23 | 7.0 | .64 | 5.3 |
Average | 1.90 | 31.1 | 1.14 | 5.3 | .76 | 25.7 | |
Overall Average | 2.69 | 47.2 | 1.36 | 5.2 | 1.34 | 42.1 |
↵* Differential is defined as conventional minus driver values.