Table 4.

Beta coefficients (β) and P-values for the multiple linear regression analysis predicting individual 2014 tree condition index values and diameter growth rates (cm/yr) of individual trees using the urban forest vulnerability indicators.

Independent variableCondition
β		P-valueGrowth
β		P-value
Tree condition index (Neighbourwoods)  −0.161<0.0001
Population density (persons/km2)  −0.073   0.160
Built area intensity (%)
Height of nearest building (storeys)   0.076   0.152
Distance to nearest building (m)  −0.046   0.370
Distance to street (m)   0.035   0.540   0.101   0.096
Width of sidewalk (m)   0.079   0.176
Width of street (m)   0.037   0.587
Impervious cover (%)  −0.040   0.418
Conflict with sidewalk (0/1)   0.012   0.782
Conflict with buildings (0/1)  −0.033   0.405   0.206<0.0001
Conflict with other infrastructure (0/1)   0.099   0.012
Poor management (0/1)   0.308<0.0001
Vandalism (0/1)   0.109   0.004
Land use – Commercial  −0.153   0.254  −0.272   0.066
Land use – Institutional   0.063   0.494   0.366<0.0001
Land use – Multi-family   0.031   0.767  −0.094   0.355
Land use – Park   0.118   0.011   0.026   0.670
Site type – Fence Line   0.027   0.517  −0.126   0.005
Site type – Bare   0.040   0.272  −0.012   0.753
Site type – Lawn/grass   0.031   0.480   0.074   0.116
Site type – Grass median   0.123   0.021   0.044   0.380
Site type – Raised planter   0.053   0.330   0.075   0.211
Site type – Tree pit/sidewalk   0.163   0.086  −0.015   0.867
Building type – Apartment  −0.050   0.595   0.105   0.290
Building type – Commercial   0.208   0.099   0.212   0.138
Building type – Detached house  −0.017   0.642  −0.019   0.622
Building type – Institutional<0.0001   0.996  −0.264   0.003
Building type – Row house  −0.071   0.057  −0.064   0.103
DBH (cm)   0.335<0.0001
Norway maple   0.127   0.002  −0.206<0.0001
Green ash   0.115   0.020   0.054   0.288
Honeylocust  −0.085   0.058   0.038   0.435
White cedar  −0.107   0.006  −0.016   0.697
Silver maple   0.058   0.128  −0.146<0.0001
Average dwelling value ($)  −0.013   0.785
Population with a university degree (individuals/10,000 people)  −0.041   0.353
Signs of stewardship (0/1)  −0.061   0.153  −0.002   0.962
Open greenspace (%)  −0.076   0.112   0.052   0.318
R2   0.321   0.175