Patterns of death In landscape trees.
| Structural failure | branch, crown and stem failure, uprooting, decay, girdling |
| Environmental degradation | |
| Acute | flooding, fire, vandalism, construction injury, drought, high or low temperature |
| Chronic | soil toxicity, soil compaction, air pollution, restricted growing space, low fertility, severe pruning |
| Parasitic invasion | insect, fungus, bacterium, virus, mycoplasma-like organism, parasitic plant |