Table 2.

Mean number of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) pitch tubes present (± SEM) in Pinus monticola (western white pine) among treatments observed on 30 July 2013 in experiment 3, 19 days after baiting. Pitch tubes were counted on two sides of the bole within a rectangular area (37 × 76 cm) 2812 cm² at breast height. The untreated controls had the greatest number of pitch tubes, which differed significantly from the combination treatments. The lowest number of pitch tubes was observed on the TREE-äge and verbenone/green leaf volatile (V/GLV) treatment. The purpose of V/GLV is to decrease mountain pine beetle (MPB) attack by acting as an anti-aggregation pheromone. The dual purpose of the TREE-äge/PPZ treatment was to prevent MPB adults from successfully mining the phloem and to inhibit the development of pathogenic blue-stain fungi.