Table 1.

Summary of experiments 1–3 reflects the modification of protocols over time. In the first experiment, TREE-äge was injected into Pinus monticola (western white pine) using the Tree I.V. at relatively wide spacing at the 10 mL/2.5 cm label rate. Subsequent experiments used the modified closer injection spacing using as low as the 5 mL/2.5 cm label rate. In the last experiment, either verbenone and green leaf volatile (V/GLV) or 14.3% propiconazole (PPZ), a systemic fungicide, was applied in conjunction with TREE-äge.