Table 1.

Overview of the case study cities and their interviewees.

City	Inhabitants (and national rank)	Population growth 2011–2016	Municipal area	Municipal status	Landscape/urban context	Type of pulse disturbance and its impact (initial scoping)	Interviewees
Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo (including Fort McMurray), AB	71,589 (80th)	9.2%	63,637.5 km²	Specialised municipality	Interior, boreal forest landscape/smaller town as part of larger spread-out municipality set in large forested area	Forest fire. Loss of 10,000 trees, destruction of buildings, mass evacuation.	7 (3 MUN, 2 NGO, 1 CONS, 1 CONS/COM)
Oakville, ON	193,832 (27th)	6.2%	138.9 km²	Town	Interior, lakeside deciduous forest landscape/suburban, part of larger metropolitan area	Pest outbreak (EAB). Most if not all of the town’s 43,000 ash trees are now dead or dying.	8 (2 MUN, 5 CONS, 1 NGO)
Prince George, BC	74,003 (76th)	2.8%	318.3 km²	City	Interior sub-boreal spruce zone/smaller town in forested landscape	Pest outbreak (MPB). Most of the city’s pine trees (a major part of the urban forest at the time) died during outbreak.	10 (3 MUN, 5 CONS, 2 UNI)
Surrey, BC	517,887 (12th)	10.6%	316.4 km²	City	Coastal, Pacific Maritime forest region/suburban, part of larger metropolitan area	Rapid urbanisation. One of the fastest growing cities in Canada. Gradual loss of trees to development over the year, but also compensated by tree planting on both public and private land.	7 (3 MUN, 2 NGO, 1 UNI, 1 CONS/COM)

Population and municipal area for 2016 (based on national census data).
MUN = municipal manager or other municipal employee; COM = community member actively involved in urban forestry discourse; CONS = consultant in urban forestry, conservation, forestry; UNI = university faculty; NGO = representative of non-governmental organisation. In some cases, interviewees were former municipal managers/employees (2 in Prince George, 1 in Surrey, 1 in Oakville).