Compilation of measured system components that may indicate resilience as identified in reviewed articles, summarized by data collection method and overall resilience perspective.
| Resilience perspective | Data collection method | System components |
|---|---|---|
| Ecological | Literature review | Relative species abundance (Kendal et al. 2014) |
| Ecological | Quantitative | Diversity of ecological functions (Estevo et al. 2017) Drought resilience index (Fahey et al. 2013) Drought tolerance (Sjöman et al. 2015) Heat flux characteristics (Rafael et al. 2016) Soil moisture, chlorophyll content of leaves, and carbon fixation capacity (Percival et al. 2006) Species dominance, age structure, pest threat, and potential asset loss (McPherson and Kotow 2013) Vitality (Gillner et al. 2014) |
| Social | Qualitative | Place attachment, collective identity, social cohesion, social networks, knowledge exchange, and diversity (McMillen et al. 2016) |
| Social-ecological | Literature review | Ecosystem health and human health (Kattel et al. 2013) Exposure to disturbance, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity (Steenberg et al. 2017) Institutional robustness (Mincey et al. 2013) Species selection, diversity, naturalization, resource access, social awareness, and budget (Ordóñez and Duinker 2014) |
| Social-ecological | Mixed methods | Resilience facilitating legislation (Jepson and Arakelyan 2017) Public acceptance of resilience-increasing means and measures (Jepson and Arakelyan 2017) Soil and geomorphic conditions, proximity to Lake Michigan, tree species composition, presence or threat of pests and diseases, urban heat island effects, relative ozone pollution, and amount of impervious cover (Brandt et al. 2016) |
| Social-ecological | Quantitative | Species diversity, age diversity, condition, and suitability (McPherson 1998) Intensity of built environment and density of human settlement (Steenberg et al. 2017) |