Table 3.

Resilience perspectives (codes derived from emergent coding process).

Resilience of whatCountExamples
Ecological component10Trees, urban trees, tree species
Ecological system8Urban forest, parks
Social component1People
Social system1Neighborhood
Social-ecological system8Road tree management system, community gardens
Resilience to whatCountExamples
Pulse17Insect outbreak, hurricanes
Press11Climate change, development pressure
Pulse and press2Urbanization and pests/diseases
Resilience for whomCountExamples
Actors21Urban forest managers, urban residents
Organizations2City planning agencies
Actors and organizations4City government and urban residents
Non-human actors2Trees