Determining, preventing, and managing biotic stress. | Specific topics include how to deal with Dutch elm disease, cankers, moths, weeds | 28 |
Determining, preventing, and managing anthropogenic and abiotic stress | Anthropogenic stresses include trampling and wear by intensive use, while abiotic stresses relate, for example, to the climate (e.g., wind and temperature). Often, as in the case of air pollution, these two stresses are very much interrelated. | 31 |
General management and maintenance | For example, research on specific management methods. | 29 |
Vitality and health assessment of trees | Studies that develop and use methods (visual and other) to assess crowns and roots. | 18 |
Management planning | Includes studies of the organization of actual management. | 17 |
GIS, mapping, aerial photography, and monitoring | Studies looking at methods to deliver an adequate information base for management. | 15 |