Table 1.

Mean development time, percent pupation, and percent adult emergence of P. luteola in the no-choice larval suitability bioassay.

Species/hybridNzDevelopment time (larva to adult) (d)yPercent pupationyPercent adult emergencey
U. castaneifolia30—x3 ± 0.03 a0 ± 0.00 a
U. changii3026 ± 1.00 ab7 ± 0.05 a7 ± 0.05 a
U. chenmoui3025 ± 0.75 ab40 ± 0.09 b40 ± 0.09 b
U. davidiana30—x3 ± 0.03 a0 ± 0.00 a
U. davidiana × U.japonica3021 ± 0.83 ab23 ± 0.08 a23 ± 0.08 a
U. davidiana × U. japonica-wilsoniana-pumila3013 ± 0.30 a57 ± 0.09 b53 ± 0.08 b
U. davidiana × U. propinqua30—w0 ± 0.00 a0 ± 0.00 a
U. davidiana × U. ‘Morton’-Accolade™3025 ± 1.00 ab3 ± 0.03 a3 ± 0.03 a
U. elongata30—w0 ± 0.00 a0 ± 0.00 a
U. gaussenii3025 ± 1.7 ab13 ± 0.06 a13 i 0.06 a
U. glaucescens3019 ± 0.46 a50 ± 0.09 b47 ± 0.09 b
U.japonica3021 ± 0.53 ab30 ± 0.09 ab30 ± 0.09 ab
U. íamellosa3019 ± 0.53 a40 ± 0.09 b37 ± 0.09 b
U. macrocarpa3018 ± 0.37 a57 ± 0.09 b50 ± 0.07
U. parvifolia30—w0 ± 0.00 a0 ± 0.00 a
U. propinqua3020 ± 1.0 ab7 ± 0.05 a7 ± 0.05 a
U. pumila (reference)3018 ± 0.42 a53 ± 0.09 b53 ± 0.09 b
U. szechuanica30—w0 ± 0.00 a0 ± 0.00 a
U. szechuanica × U.japonica3018 ± 0.21 a50 ± 0.09 b47 ± 0.09 b
U. wilsoniana3020 ± 0.40 ab33 ± 0.09 ab30 ± 0.09 ab
U. ‘Morton’-Accolade”‘3027 ± 1.67 b20 ± 0.09 a20 ± 0.09 a
U. ‘Morton’-Accolade™ × U.japonica3022 ± 1.00 ab7 ± 0.05 a7 ± 0.05 a
U. ‘Morton’-Accolade™ × U. pumila3018 ± 0.33a40 ± 0.10 b40 ± 0.10 b
U. ‘Morton Glossy’-Triumph™3021 ± 1.2 ab23 ± 0.08 a23 ± 0.08 a
U. ‘Morton Plainsman’-Vanguard™3019 ± 0.33 a53 ± 0.09 b53 ± 0.09 b
U. ‘Morton Plainsman’-Vanguard™ × U. davidiana3021 ± 0.84 ab23 ± 0.08 a23 ± 0.08 a
U. ‘Morton Plainsman’-Vanguard™ × U.japonica-ivilsoniana-pumila3021 ± 0.70 ab30 ± 0.09 ab30 ± 0.09 ab
U. ‘Morton Red Tip’-Danada Charm™3019 ± 0.54 a53 ± 0.09 b53 ± 0.09 b

  • ↵z Represents ten individual larvae for each of three individual trees for each elm biotype.

  • ↵y Values within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P = 0.05; Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) multiple comparison test).

  • ↵x Larvae reached pupation, but no adults emerged.

  • ↵w No larvae reached pupation.