Table 2.

Analysis of covariance relating race and city to park participation and attitude, adjusting for age, gender, education, and income.

	Adjusted means^*
	Race		City		ANOVA P-values
	Black	White	Atlanta	Philadelphia	Race	City	Interaction
Frequency of visits	1.82	2.22	1.98	2.19	.016	.171	.258
Perceived benefits	2.52	2.60	2.58	2.56	.032	.744	.677
Park preferences
Nature	2.08	2.17	2.17	2.11	.081	.163	.066
Recreation facilities	2.55	2.29	2.45	2.36	.000	.000	.850
Maintenance/security	2.81	2.76	2.80	2.76	.104	.150	.046
Ethnicity	2.08	1.72	1.89	1.81	.000	.122	.548
Traditional park	2.45	2.11	2.25	2.20	.000	.316	.647
Activities
Alone/solitary	1.69	1.76	1.71	1.78	.218	.236	.768
Group	1.94	1.80	1.90	1.77	.012	.012	.139
Willingness to volunteer	2.53	1.71	2.16	1.82	.000	.036	.785

↵* Adjusted for the effect of the other factor (race or city) and covariates of age, gender, education, and income.