Table 5.

Results of the survey of arborists, scientists, and urban foresters in Florida with their rankings for wind resistance of southeastern United States coastal plain tree species^{^z}.

		Wind resistance
		High		Medium		Low
Scientific name	Common name	n	Percent	n	Percent	n	Percent	P value	Total n
Dicots
Acer negundo	Boxelder	1	8	6	50	5	42	NS	12
Acer palmatum	Japanese maple	6	50	6	50	0	0	NS	12
Acer rubrum	Red maple	12	20	32	52	17	28	0.0049	61
Acer saccharinum	Silver maple	0	0	10	45	12	55	NS	22
Acer saccharum subsp floridanum	Florida sugar maple	2	11	11	61	5	28	0.0302	18
Betula nigra	River birch	11	39	16	57	1	4	0.0019	28
Carpinus caroliniana	Ironwood	7	50	6	43	1	7	NS	14
Carya glabra	Pignut hickory	11	41	14	52	2	7	0.0131	27
Carya illinoinensis	Pecan	6	21	9	32	13	47	NS	28
Carya tomentosa	Mockernut hickory	6	50	6	50	0	0	NS	12
Celtis laevigata	Sugarberry	4	15	18	70	4	15	0.0005	26
Celtis occidentalis	Common hackberry	2	18	5	46	4	36	NS	11
Cercis canadensis	Redbud	14	48	8	28	7	24	NS	29
Chionanthus virginicus	Fringe tree	7	50	5	36	2	14	NS	14
Cornus florida	Flowering dogwood	9	60	6	40	0	0	NS	15
× Cupressocyparis leylandii	Leyland cypress	7	22	13	41	12	37	NS	32
Diospyros virginiana	Common persimmon	14	56	9	36	2	8	0.0128	25
Eucalyptus cinerea	Silver dollar eucalyptus	2	13	9	56	5	31	NS	16
Eriobotrya japonica^{^y}	Loquat	9	24	24	63	5	13	0.0004	38
Fraxinus americana	White ash	3	30	6	60	1	10	NS	10
Fraxinus pennsylvanica	Green ash	3	24	5	38	5	38	NS	13
Ilex cassine	Dahoon holly	34	76	10	22	1	2	0.0001	46
Ilex opaca	American holly	21	75	6	21	1	4	0.0001	28
Ilex vomitoria	Yaupon holly	28	81	7	19	0	0	0.0004	37
Juniperus silicicola	Southern redcedar	14	28	18	35	19	37	NS	51
Lagerstroemia indica	Crapemyrtle	55	83	11	17	0	0	0.0001	66
Liriodendron tulipifera	Tulip poplar	2	8	14	58	8	33	0.0111	24
Liquidambar styraciflua	Sweetgum	18	43	21	50	3	7	0.0013	42
Magnolia grandiflora	Southern magnolia	45	82	9	16	1	2	0.0001	55
Magnolia virginiana	Sweetbay magnolia	15	42	17	47	4	11	0.0169	36
Magnolia × soulangiana	Saucer magnolia	8	44	9	50	1	6	0.0421	18
Morus rubra	Red mulberry	6	23	14	54	6	23	NS	26
Myrica cerifera	Wax myrtle	18	33	15	28	21	39	NS	54
Nyssa aquatica	Water tupelo	7	58	5	42	0	0	NS	12
Nyssa sylvatica	Black tupelo	14	58	9	38	1	4	0.0469	24
Ostrya virginiana	American hophornbeam	8	67	4	33	0	0	NS	12
Persea borbonia	Redbay	12	36	12	36	9	28	NS	33
Pinus clausa	Sand pine	3	7	7	16	34	77	0.0001	44
Pinus glabra	Spruce pine	7	54	1	8	5	38	NS	13
Pinus elliottii var. elliottii	Slash pine	16	25	36	57	11	18	0.0002	63
Pinus palustris	Longleaf pine	23	56	13	32	5	12	0.0017	41
Pinus taeda	Loblolly pine	7	20	19	54	9	26	0.0289	35
Platanus occidentalis	Sycamore	17	38	21	48	6	14	NS	44
Prunus angustifolia	Chickasaw plum	12	50	8	33	4	17	NS	24
Prunus caroliniana	Carolina laurelcherry	5	16	15	48	11	36	NS	31
Prunus serotina	Black cherry	4	18	10	46	8	36	NS	22
Pyrus calleryana	Bradford pear	5	21	5	21	14	58	0.0342	24
Quercus alba	White oak	6	55	5	45	0	0	0.0539	11
Quercus falcata	Southern red oak	4	20	15	75	1	5	0.0003	20
Quercus geminata	Sand live oak	36	92	2	5	1	3	0.0001	39
Quercus laevis	Turkey oak	17	47	16	45	3	8	0.0062	36
Quercus laurifolia	Laurel oak	3	4	27	39	39	57	0.0001	69
Quercus michauxii	Swamp chestnut oak	8	50	8	50	0	0	NS	16
Quercus myrtifolia	Myrtle oak	13	76	4	24	0	0	0.0290	17
Quercus nigra	Water oak	3	8	14	36	22	56	0.0009	39
Quercus phellos	Willow oak	1	8	8	67	3	25	0.0388	12
Quercus shumardii	Shumard oak	13	52	10	40	2	8	0.0207	25
Quercus stellata	Post oak	5	33	10	67	0	0	NS	15
Quercus virginiana	Live oak	64	89	8	11	0	0	0.0001	72
Salix × sepulcralis	Weeping willow	2	12	8	50	6	38	NS	16
Taxodium distichum	Baldcypress	59	91	6	9	0	0	0.0001	65
Taxodium ascendens	Pondcypress	41	91	4	9	0	0	0.0001	45
Tilia americana	Basswood	5	38	4	31	4	31	NS	13
Ulmus alata	Winged elm	15	53	12	43	1	4	0.0030	28
Ulmus americana	American elm	6	30	12	60	2	10	0.0224	20
Ulmus parvifolia	Chinese elm	7	23	11	35	13	42	NS	31
Vaccinium arboreum	Sparkleberry	11	85	2	15	0	0	0.0126	13
Palms
Butia capitata	Pindo, jelly	34	79	7	16	2	5	0.0001	43
Phoenix canariensis	Canary Island date palm	49	89	4	7	2	4	0.0001	55
Phoenix dactylifera	Date palm	33	94	2	6	0	0	0.0001	35
Sabal palmetto	Cabbage, sabal palm	71	99	1	1	0	0	0.0001	72
Washingtonia robusta	Washington fan palm	29	54	16	29	9	17	0.0033	54

↵^zn is the number of respondents for each species out of a total of 85 experts. P values from the χ² test for equal proportions indicate the significance level for one or more of the categories being different from the others; NS means that there is no significant difference between the categories of high, medium, and low (P > 0.05).
↵^yCaution: may be used but manage to prevent escape because of possible invasiveness (Fox et al. 2005).