Table 3.

Net photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance (Gs), substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), and chlorophyll fluorescence values in Aesculus × carnea young trees under different cultivation techniques.z

ParameterYearPine barkCompostControlP
A (μmol/m−2/s−1)2005    6.75    6.91    6.95NS
2006    8.43    8.85    8.53NS
E (mmol/m−2/s−1)2005    2.66 a    2.81 a    2.46 b**
2006    1.76    1.96    1.78NS
WUE (A/E)2005    2.65 ab    2.56 b    2.93 a*
2006    5.60    5.04    5.11NS
Gs (mmol/m−2/s−1)2005149.01 a148.11 a124.85**
200698.84107.05101.02NS
Ci (ppm)2005178.06171.75160.58NS
2006181.95190.00192.26NS
Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm)2005    0.75    0.74    0.73NS
2006    0.75    0.74    0.74NS
  • zData are reported as means and subjected to analysis of variance. Different letters within the same row indicate statistical differences at P ≤ 0.05 (*) or P ≤ 0.01 (**) using Duncan test.

  • NS = nonsignificant.