Table 4.

Predictions of stress at the point of failure from tree morphometric data and wood strength (MOR) for all trees, stem failures, and codominant failures.

VariablezAll treesStem failuresCodominant failures
nEstimate (SE)PRMSE/R2nEstimate (SE)PRMSE/R2nEstimate (SE)PRMSE/R2
By2142,214(17,428)0.025621,270/0.00105,444 (38,969)0.892320,780/0.141031,337(15,404)0.072415,536/0.00
MOR (kPa)βy−0.052 (0.250)0.83690.71 (0.61)0.2803−0.04 (0.21)0.8517
Tree height (m)B2442,050 (16,419)0.018223,034/0.001177,714(21,133)0.005119,827/0.161222,006 (16,723)0.2176 :16,695/0.00
β−288 (913)0.7553−1,473 (1126)0.2232132 (975)0.8954
B2470,256 (16,289)0.000320,581/0.171186,741 (22,942)0.004319,084/0.221331,329(19,047)0.128216,347/0.01
dbh (m)β−52,155 (24,778)0.0469−62,068 (38,776)0.1439−8,879 (26,930)0.7478
B2327,513 (14,226)0.066722,813/0.021152,749(29,128)0.103621,627/0.001221,420(11,718)0.09756,655/0.01
Slendernessβ324 (454)0.4828−48.8 (890)0.9575100 (391)0.8024
Crown height (m)B1675,623 (34,499)0.045822,849/0.08  955,667 (37,272)0.178920,957/0.00  794,889 (68,880)0.226819,376/0.18
β−2,435 (2229)0.2932−408 (2477)0.8737−4,385 (4,243)0.3487
Crown width (m)B1675,623 (34,499)0.045822,849/0.08  790,734 (23,481)0.011813,441/0.46  745,985 (29,390)0.192721,372/0.11
β−2,435 (2229)0.2932−2,967 (1432)0.0931−1,504 (2159)0.5245
Stem volume (m3)B2349,156(9,816)0.000122,092/0.081164,497 (10,547)0.000219,314/0.201229,673 (13,276)0.049416,547/0.02
β−1,716(1233)0.1786−1,927 (1274)0.1646−770 (1733)0.6661
B2448,830 (7,232)0.000120,799/0.151164,419 (9,838)0.000118,949/0.231327,241 (8,411)0.007916,368/0.01
(dbh)3 (m3)β−37,601 (18,834)0.0584−58,430 (35,380)0.1330−5,229 (18,409)0.7817
  • zdbh = diameter at breast height; slenderness = tree height/dbh; stem volume = tree height*(dbh)2.

  • yB, β = intercept and slope, respectively, of best fit line for the plot of stress at the point of failure and the variable listed in the first column.

  • SE = standard error; RMSE = root mean square error.