Table 5.

Multiple regression results for predicting the length of (a) protruding roots, (b) protruding flares, and (c) protruding roots and/or flares. Diameter at breast height and tree height were abbreviated as DBH and H.

		R²	Intercept	DBH	H	Lean angle	Pavement width	Open soil area	Setback	Pavement material
(a) Protruding roots only	A. moluccanus	0.203	0.711	−0.038	−0.002	0.004	−0.022	0.091	−0.454	−0.003
	B. ceiba	0.285	−0.039	−0.782	0.060	0.041	0.043	0.018	−0.050	0
	C. equisetifolia	0.192	0.451	−0.882	0.026	0.006	0.013	−0.048	0	N/A
	C. burmannii	0.668	0.519	0.684	−0.017	0.002	−0.095	0.292	0.102	−0.018
	D. regia	0.639	−0.012	0.422	−0.018	−0.020	−0.043	0.168	0.086	0.713
	F. altissima	0.338	1.069	−0.084	0.017	−0.004	−0.166	0.099	0.267	−0.223
	F. microcarpa	0.017	−0.032	0.730	0	−0.005	0.032	0.119	−0.053	0.321
	M. cajuputi	0.624	0.132	0.373	0.008	0.007	0.010	0.246	0.069	−0.076
	S. campanulata	0.502	0.849	−0.750	−0.010	−0.003	−0.020	0.428	−0.054	−0.206
	All trees	0.207	0.219	0.024	0.007	0	−0.009	0.165	0.006	0.158
(b) Protruding flares only	A. moluccanus	0.127	0.239	−1.425	−0.009	−0.004	0.306	0.157	−0.623	0.006
	B. ceiba	0.124	0.627	−0.602	0.002	0.002	−0.066	0.276	0.116	−0.116
	C. equisetifolia	0.449	0.405	0.516	−0.029	0.015	−0.024	0.195	0.076	N/A
	C. burmannii	0.164	0.386	0.675	0.002	0.004	0.043	−0.224	−0.081	0.111
	D. regia	0.590	0.347	0.026	−0.016	0.003	−0.046	0.234	0.034	0.205
	F. altissima	0.294	2.290	−0.005	0.001	−0.009	−0.115	0.078	0.101	−0.952
	F. microcarpa	0.479	0.320	0.511	−0.008	0.004	0.007	0.142	−0.027	0.080
	M. cajuputi	0.759	0.014	−1.193	−0.013	0.016	−0.007	0.492	0.095	0.292
	S. campanulata	0.756	−0.595	−0.835	0.030	0.019	0.037	0.416	−0.020	0.222
	All trees	0.577	0.306	0.051	0	0.007	−0.014	0.154	0.001	0.092
(c) Protruding roots and/or flares	A. moluccanus	0.398	0.660	−0.745	0.006	0.004	0.016	0.169	−0.427	−0.013
	B. ceiba	0.167	0.428	−0.010	0.009	0.028	−0.062	0.158	0.063	−0.053
	C. equisetifolia	0.196	0.134	0.312	−0.008	0.013	−0.002	0.148	0.050	N/A
	C. burmannii	0.475	0.237	0.536	0.001	0.003	−0.007	0.207	−0.016	0.024
	D. regia	0.633	0.397	1.072	−0.053	0.007	−0.066	0.220	0.068	0.286
	F. altissima	0.359	1.509	−0.051	0.008	−0.010	−0.158	0.103	0.208	−0.311
	F. microcarpa	0.098	−0.207	1.110	−0.001	0.001	0.035	0.130	−0.064	0.327
	M. cajuputi	0.662	0.126	0.432	−0.002	0.009	0.010	0.266	0.071	−0.019
	S. campanulata	0.630	−0.319	−0.364	0.013	0.015	0.012	0.446	−0.015	0.127
	All trees	0.311	0.185	0.164	0.003	0.008	−0.014	0.172	0.002	0.159

In each scenario, if more than 1 protrusion was detected on a tree, only the longest protruding parts were considered. Species-specific regression coefficients of the predictors, namely DBH, H, lean angle, pavement width, open soil area, setback, and pavement material, were presented. If significant, the adjusted R² and regression coefficient values were italicised and underlined. “N/A” indicated a lack of variation. A. alexandrae, L. speciosa, M. × alba, P. serratifolia, and X. chrysanthus were excluded due to small sample size.