Trunk bending stressz per cm2 root CSAy (MPa/cm2) required to tilt lower trunk to three angles for four planting treatments three growing seasons after planting.
| Planting treatmentx | Trunk tilt angle (vertical degrees from start position) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 degrees | 10 degrees | 15 degrees | |
| 57 L container | 16.0aw | 21.7a | 25.9a |
| 170 L container/ not sliced | 12.0a | 15.7b | 17.1b |
| 170 L container/ sliced | 11.5a | 15.3b | 17.6b |
| Field grown | 3.8b | 4.9c | 5.5c |
↵zBending stress = (pulling force × distance from pulling point to inclinometer × trunk radius) ÷ (0.25π × trunk radius4).
↵yCSA (cm2) of roots >3 mm diameter growing into landscape soil from the top 25 cm of root ball measured 5 cm beyond edge of original root ball.
↵x57 L container = 29 mm caliper trees from 57 L container; 170 L container/not sliced = 67 mm caliper trees from 170 L container with no root ball slicing at planting; 170 L container/sliced = 67 mm caliper trees from 170 L container with root ball sliced top to bottom in 6 places at planting; field grown = 80 mm caliper trees dug from field soil, all planted March 2005.
↵wSeven trees per treatment; means in a column followed by a different letter are statistically different at P < 0.001.