Table 5.

Pearson’s correlation coefficient between trunk bending moment or trunk bending stress and root cross sectional area^{^z} (CSA) for four planting treatments three growing seasons after planting.

Planting treatment^{^y}	Degrees of trunk tilt 15 cm from ground
	5 degrees		10 degrees		15 degrees
	Moment^{^x}	Stress^{^w}	Moment	Stress	Moment	Stress
Pearson’s correlation coefficient
57 L container^{^v}	0.58	0.12	0.67	0.34	0.66	0.42
57 L container/ not sliced^{^v}	0.30	−0.49	0.39	−0.26	0.45	−0.03
170 L container/ sliced^{^v}	−0.07	−0.40	0.00	−0.32	0.13	−0.16
Field-grown^{^v}	0.85^*	0.51	0.93^**	0.67	0.93^*	0.64
All planting treatments^{^u}	0.93^**	0.68^**	0.93^**	0.64^**	0.93**	0.53^**

↵^zCSA of roots >3 mm diameter growing into landscape soil from the top 25 cm of root ball measured 5 cm beyond edge of original root ball.
↵^y57 L container = 29 mm caliper trees from 57 L container; 170 L container/not sliced = 67 mm caliper trees from 170 L container with no root ball slicing at planting; 170 L container/sliced = 67 mm caliper trees from 170 L container with root ball sliced top to bottom in six places at planting; field grown = 80 mm caliper trees dug from field soil, all planted March 2005.
↵^xMoment (trunk bending moment) = pulling force × distance from pulling point to point of inclinometer 15 cm from ground.
↵^wStress (trunk bending stress) = (pulling force × distance from pulling point to inclinometer × trunk radius) ÷ (0.25π × trunk radius⁴).
↵^vBased on seven trees per planting treatment.
↵^uBased on all 28 trees across planting treatment.
↵**Significantly different from zero at P < 0.01;
↵*Significantly different from zero at P < 0.05.