Table 3.

Contingency analysis of presence/absence of metal grating and penetration resistance (frequencies per class).

Sampling zoneMetal gratingPenetration resistancePearson χ2 statistic
Class 1Class 2Class 3Class 4
Surface levelAbsence29%26%22%23%10.26z
Presence36%25%13%26%
15 cm depth (5.9 in)Absence7%16%15%62%3.45z
Presence11%15%16%58%
30 cm depth (11.8 in)Absence2%8%12%78%7.26z
Presence6%8%15%71%
45 cm depth (17.7 in)Absence2%3%6%89%9.59z
Presence3%4%7%86%
  • z Ho: independence of variables not rejected (significance level α is > 0.01).