Spending benchmarks from previous studies compared to the current study. Dollars per capita adjusted for inflation and percent of total city budget as reported. All currency in USD$.
| Literature | Year conducted | Scope | $ per capita (2012 dollars) | % of total city budget (reported) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ottman and Kielbaso (1976) | 1974 | Nationwide | $7.59 | 0.54% |
| Giedraitis and Kielbaso (1982) | 1980 | Nationwide | $6.10 | 0.81% |
| Kielbaso et al. (1988) | 1986 | Nationwide | $5.45 | 0.49% |
| Tschantz and Sacamano (1995) | 1994 | Nationwide | $3.86 | 0.31% |
| Current survey of Texas | 2013 | Texas | $4.88 | 0.48% |