Mean root cross-sectional area (CSA) one year after planting Acer rubrum into landscape soil from container or field nursery.
| Production method | Staking system | Mean root CSA (mm2) |
|---|---|---|
| Container | None (control) | 17 bcz |
| Guying | 14 c | |
| Lodgepole | 18 bc | |
| Terra Toggle | 16 bc | |
| Field | None (control) | 18 bc |
| Guying | 31 a | |
| Lodgepole | 23 abc | |
| Terra Toggle | 24 ab |
↵z Means within a column with different letter are statistically different at P < 0.05; n = 5. CSA is mean of all roots greater than 2.5 mm diameter measured 5 cm beyond root ball edge in top 25 cm soil profile.