Effect of propagation and nursery container type on root attributes in finished 57 L solid-walled containers.
| Propagation container (liner)z | Nursery containery | % circumference without rootsx | % five largest roots grew straightw |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP | PC | 21 cv | 69 a |
| SC | 70 a | 6 d | |
| SM | PC | 24 c | 62 b |
| SC | 62 b | 12 c |
↵z Trees seeded into either Ellepot (EP) or smooth-sided (SM) container before shifting to 3.8 L nursery container.
↵y Trees grown in either porous- (PC) or solid-walled (SC) 3.8 L then 9.5 L nursery containers prior to shifting into 57 L solid-walled containers.
↵x Percentage of root ball circumference, looking down on the root ball, lacking roots >3 mm diameter.
↵w Percent of roots that grew from trunk to 5 cm inside 57 L container wall position at <45 degree angle to substrate surface without making a turn of >60 degrees relative to parent root azimuth at trunk; root diameter measured at trunk.
↵v Means in a column with a different letter are statistically different at P < 0.04 and 0.0001, left to right; n = 8.