Effect of retention time in three container sizes on elm, maple, and magnolia root number in 170 L containers.
| No. of roots >5 mm diameter | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retention time (months) in containers: | % trunk circled with rootsz | % cully trees | At position of 11 L containerx | At position of 57 L containerx | At position of 170 L containerx | Straight roots at 57 L container edgew | Straight roots at 170 L container edgew | ||
| 11 L | 57 L | 170 L | |||||||
| Elm | |||||||||
| 4 | 8 | 20 | 8.8 cv | 0 | 14.4 | 17.8 a | 0.6 ab | 6.6 a | 0.6 |
| 7 | 10 | 15 | 16.8 ab | 20 | 16.8 | 15.4 a | 1.2 a | 6.2 a | 0.8 |
| 9 | 12 | 11 | 14.6 b | 0 | 15.8 | 7.8 b | 0.2 b | 4.0 ab | 0.8 |
| 12 | 14 | 6 | 21.6 a | 0 | 15.8 | 6.6 b | 0 b | 3.2 b | 0 |
| Maple | |||||||||
| 4 | 8 | 20 | 8.7 b | 20 | 12.6 b | 16.6 b | 1.8 ab | 5.4 | 1.4 |
| 7 | 10 | 15 | 0 c | 0 | 20.8 a | 27.0 a | 6.6 a | 7.0 | 2.0 |
| 9 | 12 | 11 | 12.1 ab | 20 | 17.8 a | 24.0 a | 0.4 b | 4.6 | 0.6 |
| 12 | 14 | 6 | 16.7 a | 20 | 20.6 a | 18.2 b | 0 b | 6.6 | 0.6 |
| Magnolia | |||||||||
| 4 | 8 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 11.0 bc | 26.6 | 13.6 a | 9.4 | 3.2 ab |
| 7 | 10 | 15 | 4.4 | 0 | 9.8 c | 20.6 | 11.0 a | 10.4 | 4.4 a |
| 9 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 14.2 ab | 24.6 | 6.6 b | 8.2 | 1.8 bc |
| 12 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 16.2 a | 20.8 | 3.6 c | 7.6 | 0.8 c |
↵z Percent of circumference with root bark touching trunk bark.
↵y Percent of trees rated as cull based on root circling according to Florida Grades and Standards for Nursery Plants (Anonymous 2015).
↵x Number of roots >5 mm diameter one cm inside 11 L container position, between the 11 and 57 L position, and between the 57 and 170 L container position, respectively.
↵w Number of roots >5 mm diameter that grew to the position of the 57 or 170 L container without turning more than 45 degrees left or right.
↵v Means in a column within species with a different letter are statistically different at P < 0.05; n = 5.