Bending stress required to winch oak trunk base to increasing angles one, two, and three growing seasons after planting.
| Years after planting | Source of variation | Trunk tilt (degrees from vertical start position) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| Bending stress MN/m2 (P-value) | ||||||
| One | 5.8 | 9.5 | 12.7 | 15.3 | 17.5 | |
| Root pruningz | (0.88) | (0.90) | (0.75) | (0.15) | (0.14) | |
| Tree orientationy | (0.97) | (0.89) | (0.33) | (0.06) | (0.06) | |
| Two | 11.4 | 17.4 | 22.0 | 25.5 | 28.0 | |
| Root pruningz | (0.03) | (0.03) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | |
| Tree orientationy | (0.61) | (0.89) | (0.50) | (0.42) | (0.37) | |
| Three | 12.6 | 20.2 | 25.5 | 29.2 | 31.9 | |
| Root pruningz | (0.15) | (0.07) | (0.07) | (0.08) | (0.09) | |
| Tree orientationy | (0.20) | (0.33) | (0.54) | (0.68) | (0.77) | |
↵z P-value comparing root pruned (by shaving off 2 to 3 cm of the periphery) 12 L root ball as it was shifted into 51 L containers with those not root pruned.
↵y P-value comparing trees planted in the same compass orientation as grown in the nursery with those rotated 180 degrees from orientation in nursery at planting (i.e., north facing side turned to the south).
Note: Interactions not significant (P > 0.27).