Effect of root remediation when landscape planting and mulch application over the root ball on maple root attributes five years later.
| Root remediation at planting | Mulch 7 cm deep over root ball | % trunk circled 5 years after plantingz | Total straighty root CSA (cm2) | Depth of straighty roots (cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | Yes | 25 bx | 45 a | 13 b |
| No | 7 c | 59 a | 14 b | |
| No | Yes | 69 a | 45 a | 22 a |
| No | 83 a | 22 b | 15 b |
↵z Percentage of trunk circumference circled with roots > 5 mm diameter.
↵y Straight = root segment just beyond the root ball oriented < 60 degrees in either compass direction compared to azimuth of parent root inside root ball; depth measured 10 cm outside root ball.
↵x Means followed by a different letter within columns are statistically different at P = 0.002, 0.006, and 0.01 left to right, respectively; n = 10, averaged over nursery planting depth due to insignificant interaction with nursery planting depth (P > 0.18).