| Acanthopanax sieboldianus (5-leaf Aralia) | 1–100 ppm/continuous dip of dormant cut stems | 1–100 | BA | Propagation-delayed budbreak but increased the % of breaks | (Yang and Read 1997) |
| Aralia elata (Japanese angelica tree) | 50–200 ppm/one spray onto trees; 50 ppm was best | 50 | BA | Branching agent/propagation | (Sugiura and Azuma 2005) |
| Camellia × williamsii | 10–100 ppm/foliar spray every three days, 2–32 times | 10–100 | BA | Branching agent-no effect on branching | (Richards and Wilkinson 1984) |
| Castanea dentate (chestnut) | BA (1–100 ppm)/stem dip; BA 100 ppm | 100 | BA | Propagation-delayed budbreak but increased the % of buds that broke | (Yang and Read 1997) |
| Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port Orford cedar Christmas trees) | 500–1000 ppm/foliar spray applied four times at two-week intervals | 500–1000 | BA | Growth inhibitor/Branching agent-caused severe phytotoxicity and did not increase bud formation | (Duck et al. 2004) |
| Chrysobalanus icaco (coco plum) | 400 ppm of BA and 2iP and 450 ppm of Promalin/single foliar sprays | 400 and 450 | BA | Branching agent | (Rudniki and Rejman 1982) |
| Forsythia × intermedia | BA 200 ppm, Promalin 1000 ppm/single foliar spray or three foliar sprays onto rooted cuttings | 200 | BA | Branching agent | (Grzesik and Rudnicki 1985) |
| Hydrangea | BA 1750–3500 ppm/three foliar sprays one week apart; BA 100–600 ppm/two foliar sprays in summer | 1750–3500 and 100–600 | BA | Senescence inhibitor-no effect on senescence but flowering was delayed | (Shanks and Link 1964) |
| Ilex crenata (Japanese holly) | BA 100–600 ppm/two foliar sprays in summer; BA 125-1000 ppm/one spray; best results from 450 ppm and 1000 ppm | 100–600 | BA | Branching agent-increased branching, increased the number of shoots, reduced shoot length and leaf size | (Wright 1975; Wright 1976; Gilliam and Wright 1977; Keever and Foster 1990) |
| Ilex glabra (inkberry holly) | BA 1750–3500 ppm/three foliar sprays one week apart; the best time to apply BA is when the leaves start to harden off | 1750–3500 | BA | Branching agent | (Oates et al. 2005b) |
| Ilex opaca (American holly) | BA 10–1000 ppm | 10–100 | BA | Flower enhancer-inconsistent effects on sex of flowers | (Milbocker 1967) |
| Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba mate) | BA 495–2973 ppm/single foliar spray early summer; 1980 ppm was most effective | 495–2973 | BA | Branching agent-stimulated lateral branching | (Sansberro et. al. 2006) |
| Ilex vomitoria (yaupon holly) | BA 125–1000 ppm/single foliar spray; BA 1000 was most effective | 1000 | BA | Branching agent-increased budbreak | (Keever and Foster 1990) |
| Nandina domestica (heavenly bamboo) | BA 1000–5000 ppm/1–5 foliar sprays one week apart; BA 2500–5000 in April was most effective | 2500–5000 | BA | Branching agent-induced lateral branching | (Keever and Foster 1990; Keever and Morrison 2003; Oates et al. 2005b) |
| Photinia × fraseri (Fraser’s Photinia) | BA 500–2500 ppm/single foliar spray; BA 1000 ppm in March greatly increased budbreak overpruning | 1000 | BA | Branching agent | (Keever and Foster 1990; Owings and Newman 1993) |
| Picea glauca (black spruce) | BA 500–1000 ppm/foliar spray applied four times at two-week intervals | 500–1000 | BA | Growth inhibitor/branching agent-increased lateral bud formation and caused phytotoxicity and deformities | (Duck et al. 2004) |
| Picea glehnii (Sakhalin spruce) | BA 0.01–10 ppm | 0.01–10 | BA | Growth inhibitor | (Shibakus 1980) |
| Picea omorika, (Serbian spruce Christmas trees) | BA 500 to 1000 ppm/foliar spray applied four times at two-week intervals | 500–1000 | BA | Growth inhibitor/branching agent | (Duck et al. 2004) |
| Picea pungens (Colorado blue spruce Christmas trees) | BA 500–1000 ppm/foliar spray applied four times at two-week intervals or whole tree single foliar spray application six weeks after budbreak; BA 2.25–225 ppm/scions dipped prior to grafting or single foliar spray | 2.25–225 ppm and 500–100 | BA | Branching agent/growth inhibitor/propagation-BA at 22.5 ppm increased graft success, BA at 225 ppm is best applied at budbreak to stimulate new bud formation | (Mulgrew and Williams 1985; Mazzola and Costante 1987; Beeson and Proebsting 1989; Duck et al. 2004) |
| Pinus banksiana (Jack pine) | BA 50–400 ppm/one foliar spray; BA 400 ppm reduced height but trees were deformed with poor root growth | 400 | BA | Growth inhibitor-BA was rejected as appropriate for this use | (Schnurr et al. 1996) |
| Pinus densiflora (Japanese red pine) | BA 2000 ppm/Lanolin paste applied in late summer and autumn | 2000 | BA | Flower enhancer/yield enhancer-seed yield was decreased and the seed had a slightly lower germination rate than controls | (Wakushima 2004) |
| Pinus mugo var. mughus (Mugo pine) | BA 225–900 ppm/six foliar sprays at five-day intervals in May and again when weather warmed; 450 ppm is best | 450 | BA | Branching agent | (Stiff and Boe 1985) |
| Pinus nigra (Austrian pine) | BA 2000–6000 ppm/1–2 foliar sprays 30–90 days after sowing seed | 2000–6000 | BA | Branching agent/growth enhancer-reduced height and branching | (Boe 1990) |
| Pinus palustris (long leaf pine) | BA 2000–5000 ppm, PBA, Kinetin, 6-CP, Cytex (5% solutions)/applied to the terminal bud biweekly in May three times | 2000–5000 | BA | Growth enhancer-BA, PBA, Kinetin and 6-CP caused too many buds to form, all promoted height growth | (Hare 1984) |
| Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa pine) | BA 10–1000 ppm | 10–1000 | BA | Branching agent/plant propagation | (Cohen and Shanks 1975) |
| Pinus strobes (white pine) | BA 300 ppm/single foliar spray on the terminal leader in June | 300 | BA | Branching agent | (Hinesley and Wright 1988) |
| Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) | BA 2000 to 6000 ppm/1–2 foliar sprays 30 to 90 days after sowing seed; BA 2000 ppm increased branching but plants were slightly shorter | 2000 | BA | Branching agent/growth enhancer/propagation-BA mixed with other PGRs greatly increased fascicular branch development | (Whitehill and Schwab 1975; Boe 1990) |
| Pinus thunbergii (Japanese black pine) | 0.1% 9-BA Vasoline paste applied to cut roots (worked best) or BA 2000 ppm/Lanolin paste applied to the bud | 2000 | BA | Branching agent | (Yamaji and Tomioka 1980; Wakushima 2004) |
| Pittosporum tobira (Japanese pittosporum) | 2iP, BA/single foliar spray onto unpinched plants; BA 200 ppm and 2iP 100 ppm most effective | 300 | BA | Branching agent | (Rudniki and Rejman 1982) |
| Populus hybrids (poplar) | BA 225 ppm/droplet applied daily to a lateral bud | 225 | BA | Branching agent | (Cline and Dong-Il 2002) |
| Prunus persica (peach) | BA 100 to 200 ppm/drops placed onto dormant buds of cut branches; applications of 200 ppm were best in January | 200 | BA | Dormancy release | (Weinberger 1969) |
| Prunus × keio-zakura (flowering cherry) | BA 300 ppm/single foliar spray in summer at various times | 300 | BA | Flower enhancer | (Yamasaki 2003) |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) | BA 112 ppm and 1000 ppm/whole-tree single foliar spray application in spring | 112 and 1000 | BA | Branching agent | (Mazzola and Costante 1987; Cline et al. 2006) |
| Pyrus calleryana (Callery pear) | BA 150–600 ppm, Promalin 300–1200 ppm/single foliar spray in autumn | 150–600 | BA | Branching agent-Promalin 1200 ppm was slightly better than BA 600 ppm at increasing shoots and crotch angles significantly | (Keever et al. 1993) |
| Quercus alba (white oak) | BA 1–100 ppm/continuous dip of dormant cut stems; 100 ppm worked best | 100 | BA | Propagation | (Yang and Read 1997) |
| Quercus robur (English oak) | BA 10 ppm/24 soak of four-year-old dormant seedlings | 10 | BA | Stress tolerance/branching agent-increased branches and leaves | (Smith and Schwab 1980) |
| Rhapheolepis indica (Indian hawthorn) | BA 1750–5000 ppm/three foliar sprays in spring at 1- to 3-week intervals; BA(BAP-10) 1250–5000 ppm/2–4 weekly foliar spray applications; 1250 ppm is most effective and rates above 2500 ppm caused phytotoxicity | 1250 | BA | Branching agent | (Oates et al. 2004; Oates et al. 2005a; Oates et al. 2005b) |
| Rhododendron (Azalea, florist) | BA 2000 ppm in April increased branching but not as much as pruning; Promalin 5000 ppm in April was better than pruning | 2000 | BA | Branching agent | (Keever and Foster 1990; Bell et al. 1997) |
| Salix alba (white willow) | BA 200 ppm, Promalin 1000 ppm/single foliar spray or three foliar sprays | 200 | BA | Branching agent | (Grzesik and Rudnicki 1985) |
| Sophora microphylla (Kowhai) | BA 11–34 ppm/solution applied to the base of a stem via an absorbent wick in midsummer | 11–34 | BA | Branching agent | (Carswell et al. 1996) |
| Spiraea japonica (Japanese spiraea) | BA 200 ppm, Promalin 1000 ppm/single foliar spray or three foliar sprays; BA applied three times increased branching but was not as good as Ethrel; Promalin reduced branching at all application methods as did BA applied only once | 200 | BA | Branching agent | (Grzesik and Rudnicki 1985) |
| Spiraea × vanhoutteii (Van Houtte’s spiraea) | BA 1–100 ppm, Thidiazuron 1–50 ppm/continuous dip of cut stems or BA added at various times | 1–100 | BA | Propagation/budbreak | (Yang and and Read 1991) |
| Viburnum odoratissimum (sweet Viburnum) | BA 1–900 ppm, BA + GA (Promalin) 250–1000 ppm/1–2 applications worked best; Promalin 1000 ppm was effective in greatly increasing branching | 1–300 | BA | Branching agent-BA 300 ppm and above caused severe phytotoxicity | (Schoene and and Yeager 2005) |
| Weigela florida (Weigela) | BA (200 ppm), Promalin (1000 ppm)/single foliar spray or three foliar sprays onto rooted cuttings | 200 | BA | Branching agent | (Grzesik and 1985) |
| TREE | CYTOKININ: BA + GA | RATE (PPM) | CYTOKININ | PURPOSE OF EXPERIMENT | CITATION |
| Astilbe taquetii | BA + GA (Fascination) 125–500 ppm/two foliar spray applications at day 0 and day 21 | 125–500 | BA + GA | Branching agent-significant phytotoxicity | (Lieth and Dodge 2004) |
| Buxus sempervirens, B. sinica (boxwood) | BA + GA (Promalin) 1500 ppm/foliar spray applied 10 weeks after the end of spring growth was best at increasing lateral shoots | 1500 | BA + GA | Branching agent/remove Dormancy | (Musselwhite et al. 2004) |
| Carica papaya (papaya) | BA + GA 500 ppm each/three applications at one week intervals to one-year-old plants; foliar sprays were most effective followed by injection, then Lanolin | 1000 | BA + GA | Branching agent | (Giampan et al. 2005) |
| Hibiscus moscheutos (rose mallow) | BA + GA (Fascination) 125–500 ppm/two foliar spray applications at day 0 and day 21; but wasn’t very effective | 125–500 | BA + GA | Branching agent | (Lieth and and Dodge 2004) |
| Pyrus calleryana (Callery pear) | BA + GA (Promalin) 1500 ppm/single foliar spray in June to one-year-old plants | 1500 | BA + GA | Branching agent | (Jacyna et al. and Dodge 2004) |
| Rhaphiolepis indica (Indian hawthorn) | BA or BA + GA (Promalin)/single foliar spray application | — | BA + GA | Branching agent | (Keever and Foster 1990) |
| Rhododendron (Azalea, Vireya) | BA, PBA, Thidiazuron all 200 at 200 ppm/single foliar spray; PBA was most effective, Thidiazuron was a close second | BA + GA | Branching agent | (Criley 2000) |
| Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Japanese cleyera) | BA or BA + GA (Promalin)/single foliar spray application | — | BA + GA | Branching agent | (Keever and Foster 1990) |
| TREE | CYTOKININ: KINETIN | RATE (PPM) | CYTOKININ | PURPOSE OF EXPERIMENT | CITATION |
| Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry) | Kinetin 100–500 ppm | 100–500 | Kinetin | Growth inhibitor | (McCarthy and Bünemann 1981b) |
| Camellia sinensis (tea) | Kinetin 80 ppm released shoots from dormancy when applied to them | 80 | Kinetin | Dormancy release | (Kulasegaram 1969) |
| Carica papaya (papaya) | Kinetin 65–130 ppm, BA 250–500 ppm/monthly foliar spray applications | 65–130, 250–500 | Kinetin | Branching agent | (Morales-Payan and Stall 2003) |
| Cornus alba (Siberian dogwood) | Kinetin 270 ppm; Kinetin + GA increased branching more than either chemical alone | 270 | Kinetin | Branching agent | (Loach and Whalley 1975) |
| Elaeagnus angustifolia (tea olive) | Kinetin 50 ppm/applied to seeds | 50 | Kinetin | Germination promoter | (Hamilton and Carpenter 1976) |
| Lonicera xylosteum (dwarf honeysuckle) | Kinetin 100–500 ppm; applications had no effect | — | Kinetin | Growth inhibitor | (McCarthy and Bünemann 1981b) |
| Picea abies (Norway spruce) | Kinetin 100–500 ppm | 100–500 | Kinetin | Growth inhibitor | (McCarthy and Bünemann 1981a) |
| Rhododendron (Azalea) | GA + Kinetin 100 ppm +100 ppm/applied every four days to the flower bud | 100 | Kinetin | Budbreak and formation | (Furuta and Straiton 1965) |
| Ribes (black currant) | Kinetin 2 ppm/apply in late autumn for best results | 2 | Kinetin | Dormancy release | (Lenz and Karnatz 1969) |
| Salix purpurea (purple willow) | Kinetin 100–500 ppm; Kinetin 500 ppm worked best | 500 | Kinetin | Growth inhibitor | (McCarthy and Bünemann 1981b) |
| Syringa spp. (lilac) | Kinetin and BA rates and application method not listed | — | Kinetin | Dormancy release-BA inhibited germination of seeds that were not dormant | (Junttila 1970) |
| Tsuga canadensis (Canadian hemlock) | Kinetin 100–500 ppm | 100–500 | Kinetin | Growth inhibitor | (McCarthy and Bünemann 1981a) |
| Viburnum opulus (American cranberrybush) | Kinetin 100–500 ppm | 100–500 | Kinetin | Branching agent | (McCarthy and Bünemann 1981b) |
| Weigela florida (Weigela) | Kinetin 270 ppm with GA 90 ppm | 270 | Kinetin | Branching agent | (Loach and Whalley 1975) |
| TREE | CYTOKININ: BA+ KINETIN | RATE (PPM) | CYTOKININ | PURPOSE OF EXPERIMENT | CITATION |
| Cotoneaster dammeri (bearberry cotoneaster) | BA + Kinetin (Early Harvest PGR-also contains GA and auxin) 1.5–3.0 ml in 1125 ml water; (1.17 ppm BA + 1.17 ppm Kinetin)/45 ml soil drenches every two weeks from June to September | 2.34 | BA + Kinetin | Stress tolerance/branching agent-no effect on growth | (Ruter 2000) |
| Cotoneaster salicifolius (willowleaf cotoneaster) | BA + Kinetin (Early Harvest PGR-also contains GA and auxin) 1.5–3.0 ml in 1125 ml water; (1.17 ppm BA + 1.17 ppm Kinetin)/45 ml soil drenches every two weeks from June to September | 2.34 | BA + Kinetin | Stress tolerance/branching agent-no effect on growth | (Ruter 2000) |
| Rhododendron | BA 100 ppm/foliar spray 2–32 times with no effect on growth | 100 | BA + Kinetin | Branching agent | (Richards and Wilkinson 1984) |
| Spiraea japonica (Japanese spiraea) | BA + Kinetin (Early Harvest PGR-also contains GA and auxin) 1.5–3.0 ml in 1125 ml water (1.17 ppm BA + 1.17 ppm Kinetin)/45 ml soil drenches every two weeks from June to September; the low 1.5 ml rate increased plant quality; the 3.0 ml rate increased growth | 2.34 | BA + Kinetin | Stress tolerance/branching agent | (Ruter 2000) |
| Thuja occidentalis (Arborvitae) | BA + Kinetin (Early Harvest PGR-also contains GA and auxin) 1.5–3.0 ml in 1125 ml water; (1.17 ppm BA + 1.17 ppm Kinetin)/45 ml soil drenches every two weeks from June to September | 2.34 | BA + Kinetin | Stress tolerance/branching agent-no effect on growth | (Ruter 2000) |
| Weigela florida (Weigela) | BA + Kinetin (Early Harvest PGR-also contains GA and auxin) 1.5–3.0 ml in 1125 ml water (1.17 ppm BA + 1.17 ppm Kinetin)/45 ml soil drenches every two weeks from June to September | 2.34 | BA + Kinetin | Stress tolerance/branching agent-no effect on growth | (Ruter 2000) |
| Rhododendron (Azalea) | PBA (200 ppm) + GA (200 to 100 ppm)/six foliar sprays during the winter | 200, 300, 400 | BA + Kinetin | Budbreak dormancy | (Nell and Larson 1974) |