Table 2.

Cytokinin PGR mixtures, application procedures, results, and commonly treated woody plants. Results of individual application trials are listed in the Appendix.

Woody plant groupApplicationsEffects on growth
Cytokinin formulation BA
Conifer
  • BA 0.01 to 225 ppm/scions dipped prior to grafting or single foliar spray

  • 400 ppm/1 foliar spray; BA 400 ppm reduced height but trees were deformed with poor root growth

  • BA 450 ppm/six foliar sprays at five-day intervals in May and again when weather warmed

  • BA 500 to 1000 ppm/foliar spray applied four times at two-week intervals or whole tree foliar spray application 6 weeks after budbreak

  • BA 2000 ppm/Lanolin paste applied in late summer and autumn

  • 0.1% 9-BA Vasoline paste applied to cut roots (worked best)

  • Growth inhibition

  • Phytotoxicity

  • Branching agent

  • Propagation

Deciduous
  • BA 11 to 34 ppm/solution applied to the base of a stem via an absorbent wick in mid-summer

  • BA 10 ppm/soak of four-year-old dormant seedlings

  • 50–200 ppm ± Promalin 1000 ppm/foliar sprays

  • BA 100 ppm/stem dip

  • BA 225 ppm/droplet applied daily to a lateral bud

  • Branching agent

  • Propagation

Fruit Trees
  • BA 200 ppm/drops placed onto buds of cut branches in January

  • BA 300 ppm/single foliar spray in summer at various times

  • BA 150 to 600 ppm/single foliar sprays in autumn

  • Dormancy release

  • Flower enhancer

  • Branching agent

Shrub
  • BA 1 to 100 ppm/continuous dip of dormant cut stems

  • BA 1 to 100 ppm, Thidiazuron 1 to 50 ppm/continuous dip of cut stems or BA added at various times

  • 10 to 100 ppm/foliar spray every three days 2–32 times

  • BA 200 ppm and 2iP 100 ppm most effective/single foliar sprays onto unpinched plants

  • BA 100 to 1000 ppm/1–2 foliar sprays in summer

  • BA 2500–5000 ppm/1–5 foliar sprays one week apart in April

  • Dormancy release

  • Flower enhancer

  • Branching agent

Cytokinin formulation BA + GA
Deciduous
  • BA + GA (Promalin) 1500 ppm/foliar spray applied 10 weeks after the end of spring

  • BA + GA (BAP-10) 1250 ppm/two to four weekly foliar spray applications

  • BA + GA 400 ppm of BA & 2iP and 450 ppm of Promalin/single foliar sprays

  • BA + GA 200 ppm, Promalin 1000 ppm/single foliar spray or three foliar sprays onto rooted cuttings

  • Branching agent

  • Dormancy release

Fruit Tree
  • BA + GA 500 ppm each/three applications at one week intervals to one-year-old plants; very effective when followed by injection and Lanolin

  • BA + GA (Promalin) 1500 ppm/single foliar spray in June to one-year-old plants

  • BA 1 to 900 ppm, BA + GA (Promalin) 1000 ppm/one to two applications worked best

  • Branching agent

Shrub
  • BA + GA (Fascination) 125 to 500 ppm/two foliar spray applications at day 0 and day 21

  • BA + GA 200 ppm, Promalin 1000 ppm/single foliar spray or three foliar sprays

  • 450 ppm of Promalin/single foliar sprays

  • BA + GA 200 ppm, Promalin 1000 ppm/single foliar spray or three foliar sprays onto rooted cuttings

  • BA+ GA, PBA, Thidiazuron all at 200 ppm/single foliar spray

  • BA + GA (BAP-10) 1250 ppm/two to four weekly foliar spray applications

  • Promalin 5000 ppm in April was better than pruning

  • Branching agent

Cytokinin formulation Kinetin
Conifer
  • Kinetin 100 to 500 ppm

  • Growth inhibitor

Deciduous
  • Kinetin 50 ppm/applied to seeds

  • Kinetin 100 to 500 ppm; Kinetin 500 ppm worked best

  • Growth inhibitor

  • Dormancy release

Fruit Tree
  • Kinetin 2 ppm/apply in late autumn for best results

  • Kinetin 65 to 130 ppm/monthly foliar spray applications

  • Kinetin 100 to 500 ppm

  • Branching agent

  • Dormancy release

Shrub
  • Kinetin 80 ppm/released shoots from dormancy when applied to them

  • Kinetin 100 to 500 ppm

  • Growth inhibitor

  • GA + Kinetin 100 ppm + 100 ppm/applied every four days to the flower bud

  • Kinetin 270 ppm with GA 90 ppm/increased branching more than either chemical alone

  • Dormancy release

  • Branching agent

  • Bud break and formation

Cytokinin formulation BA + Kinetin
Conifer
  • BA + Kinetin 1.17 ppm + 1.17 ppm Kinetin in 1125 ml water/apply in early harvest

  • Kinetin 1.17 ppm + BA 1.17 ppm/45 ml soil drenches every two weeks from June to September

  • Branching agent-no effect

  • Stress tolerant

Shrub
  • 1.17 ppm BA + 1.17 ppm Kinetin/45 ml soil drenches every two weeks from June to September; the low 1.5 ml rate increased plant quality; the 3.0 ml rate increased growth

  • BA 100 ppm/foliar spray 2 to 32 times with no effect on growth

  • Stress tolerant

  • Branching agent

  • Dormancy release