Table 1.

Damage categories and definitions used to classify data extracted from the literature review.

Damage typeDefinition
Mortality (%)Trees considered dead.
All damage types (%)Multiple types of damage that were combined (e.g., snapped trunks and uprooted).
Root failure (%)Trees that fell over because root or root plate anchorage failed. Also described as tipped up, uprooted, or windthrow.
Stem failure (%)Trees with broken or snapped main stem/trunk/bole.