Table 4.

Factors that contribute to conflicts in urban forest governance.

What factors contribute to conflicts?
Factors that contribute to conflictsNumber of articles
Unaligned or differing goals (i.e., management, development, land use, recreation, fire prevention, landscape preferences, invasive species management, etc.)96
Lack of or poor communication with the public61
Maintenance54
Stakeholders and social factors51
Lack of resources (i.e., budget and staffing, financial, environmental, access and inclusion, policy and planning)47
Lack of or poor communication with other institutions37
Safety35
Lack of or poor communication within the institution26
Planning, policy, or political issues20
Management16
Land use and development15
Infrastructure and resource allocation15
Environmental concerns11
Tree services and tree equity10
Policy and planning9
Climate change and sustainability8
Risk and disasters5