Practical ideal type (PIT) of a successful modern profession and its foundations in the literature. Each ideal type category and the relationships between them are graphically represented in Figure 1.
Ideal type category | Literature |
---|---|
1. Essential Service to Society
| Bayles 1986; Freidson 1994; Bayles 2003; Gardner and Shulman 2005; Holden et al. 2015; Gregory and Austin 2019; Edwards 2020; Fitzgerald 2020; Kellar et al. 2020; Nelson et al. 2021; Santarossa et al. 2021; Moore et al. 2022. |
2. Body of Knowledge (BoK)
| Freidson 1994; Daley 2001; Gardner and Shulman 2005; Ressler 2005; Brauer 2011, 2015; Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education 2020; Fitzgerald 2020; Kirkpatrick et al. 2020a; Ressler and Lenox 2020; Ressler et al. 2021. |
3. Higher Education
| Bollag 2005; Planning Accreditation Board 2006; Patil and Codner 2007; Kavanagh and Drennan 2008; Clarke and Prichard 2013; Vlasses et al. 2013; Gaston 2014; Bullard 2015; Redelsheimer et al. 2015; Sample et al. 2015. |
4. Credentialing
| Bayles 1986, 2003; Kirk 2007; Brauer 2011; Gorman 2014; Monteiro 2015; Craig et al. 2018; Funk et al. 2019; Kirkpatrick et al. 2020a, 2020b; Gao 2021; Harris and Buchbinder 2021. |
5. Public Trust
| Pearson 2004; Lachapelle et al. 2012; Hadfield and Rhode 2015; Rhode 2015; Kirkpatrick et al. 2020a, 2020b, 2020c. |
6. Recruitment
| Klein et al. 2010; Shaffer 2010; Fantz et al. 2011; Banken 2013; Holden et al. 2015; Lent 2015; Roach 2015; O’Herrin 2016; Skiera 2016; O’Herrin et al. 2018a; Zhou 2020; American Society of Civil Engineers 2022. |
7. Retention and Advancement
| Luker and Lyons 1997; Mills and Treagust 2003; Drenkard and Swartwout 2005; Wall 2007; Buerhaus and Auerbach 2011; Pugsley et al. 2017; O’Herrin et al. 2018b; Esfahani et al. 2020; Kirkpatrick et al. 2020b, 2020c. |
8. Professional Organization
| Scott 1969; Myers and Banerjee 2005; Planning Accreditation Board 2006; Davoudi and Pendlebury 2010; Edwards and Bates 2011; Roach 2015; Dawkins 2016; Pugsley et al. 2017; Miller 2019; Kirkpatrick et al. 2020a, 2020c; Guyadeen and Henstra 2021; American Planning Association 2022; Goodman et al. 2022; US Bureau of Labor Statistics 2022. |