Table 4.

Tree species’ potential and/or suitability in various phytoremediation techniques; h = high, l = low, n.k. = unknown.

SpeciesBioindicatorPbCdCuZnPhytostabilizationPhytomanagementFoliar trapping capacity
Acer pseudoplatanuslz, y, x, w, vn.k.lulu hvhv, uht(pioneer species)shu, r
Ailanthus altissimahq, plqlqn.k.lq, pn.k.n.k.hp
Betula pendulahz, x, w, o, n, m, llk hz, n, llm, l, k hz, n, jln, lhw, n, l, jll(pioneer species)lhz, r, l, i
Carpinus betulusly, mn.k.n.k.n.k.n.k.n.k.n.k.hy, r, l
Ginkgo bilobals, ilhn.k.lhlhn.k.n.k.ls, h
Platanus × hispanicalllln.k.lln.k.n.k.n.k.lg hl
Quercus roburhz, y, x, flo, w, elelelele hllxn.k.hr, l
Robinia pseudoacaciahz, y, w, q, l, d, c, b, a,*lq, a, * hd, clq, d, c, a, *hd, c, * lalq, a hd, c, *hl, f(pioneer species)lls, r
Tilia cordataly, o, m, klo, k, **lklo hklon.k.n.k.hy, g, r, i

  • ↵z Dmuchowski et al. (2011)

  • ↵y Kardel et al. (2011)

  • ↵x Kardel et al. (2012)

  • ↵w Pourrut et al. (2011)

  • ↵v Sawidis et al. (2011)

  • ↵u Simon et al. (2011)

  • ↵t André et al. (2006)

  • ↵s Neinhuis and Barthlott (1998)

  • ↵r Sæbø et al. (2012)

  • ↵q Baycu et al. (2006)

  • ↵p Wang et al. (2006)

  • ↵o Aničič et al. (2011)

  • ↵n Evangelou et al. (2012)

  • ↵m Khavanin Zadeh et al. (2012)

  • ↵l Van Nevel et al. (2011)

  • ↵k Tomašević et al. (2011)

  • ↵j Unterbrunner et al. (2007)

  • ↵i Murakami et al. (2012)

  • ↵h Xiao and McPherson (2011)

  • ↵g Dzierzanowski et al. (2012)

  • ↵f Wisniewski and Dickinson (2003)

  • ↵e Aboal et al. (2004)

  • ↵d Çelik et al. (2005)

  • ↵c Cicek and Koparal (2004)

  • ↵b Ji et al. (2012)

  • ↵a Samecka-Cymerman et al. (2009)

  • ↵*Serbula et al. (2012)

  • ↵** Tomašević et al. (2013)