Table 1.

Inorganic marker elements associated with various emission sources or processes (modified according to Duong and Lee 2011; Fujiwara et al. 2011; Calvo et al. 2013).

SO42−NO3NH4+ClBr-LiNaKMgCaSrBaAlTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnAsMoRhPdCdSnSbPtPb
Aerosols/Sea saltxxxxxxx
Crustal/Geological tracersxxxxxxxx
Steel and metal industriesxxxxxxxxxxxx
Heavy industriesxxxxxxxx
Oil burningxxxxxxx
Coal burningxxxxxx
Biomass burningxx
Waste incinerationxxxx
Automobile gasolinexxx
Automobile dieselxx
Vehicle tailpipexxxxx
Tire wear abrasionxx
Brake wear abrasionxxx