Acceptance of injected water by stems and roots of 14 tree species in autumn and summer as related to wood porosity.
| Tree species | Trunk diameter range (cm)a | injection rate ± SOb | Injection rate in roots ÷ rate in stems | Wood porosity indexc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autumn | Summer | Autumn | Summer | |||
| Basswood | ||||||
| Tilia americana | 35-70 | I64±77 | 188±97 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 14.0 |
| Cockspur hawthorn | ||||||
| Crataegus crus-galli | 20-50 | 200±69 | 107±84 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 12.0d |
| Black cherry | ||||||
| Prunus serotina | 25-70 | 227±78 | 43±17 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 10.6 |
| American Elm | ||||||
| Ulmus americana | 16-25 | 108±48 | 87±45 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 10.8 |
| American beech | ||||||
| Fagus grandifolia | 26-55 | 107±30 | 86±29 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 7.1 |
| Red oak | ||||||
| Quercus rubra | 40-90 | 116±56 | 45±43 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 2.6 |
| Black birch | ||||||
| Betula lenta | 15-42 | 88±59 | 63±13 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 5.4 |
| White oak | ||||||
| Quercus alba | 40-50 | 91 ±45 | 22±17 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 5.0 |
| Sugar maple | ||||||
| Acer saccharum | 45-60 | 32±13 | 31 ± 7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 5.4 |
| Black locust | ||||||
| Robinia pseudoacacia | 25-38 | 27±24 | 1 ±0.1 | 1.2 | e | 3.0 |
| White ash | ||||||
| Fraxinus americana | 20-40 | 8± 7 | 3± 1 | e | e | 1.9 |
| Butternut | ||||||
| Juglans cinerea | 21-38 | 4e | 4±3 | e | e | 2.0 |
| Shagbark hickory | ||||||
| Carya ovata | 21-28 | 3θ | 0 | e | e | 1.6 |
| Eastern white pine | ||||||
| Pinus strobus | 26-60 | 0 | 1±0.1 | e | e | f |
↵a Diameter 1.4 m above soil line.
↵b ml/min/injection hole at 0.7 kg/cm2; avg. of stem plus root injections; 5 trees per species; ± standard deviation.
↵c lndex ≈ specific gravity of green wood-1 X relative frequency of pores in cross section; data from Panshin et al. (1964), whose frequency terms were converted to numbers where “very few” = 1 and “very numerous” = 6.
↵d Data for index provided by authors.
↵e Data too few or volumes too small to justify calculation.
↵f Index can not be calculated for gymnosperm woods.