Acclimatizing trees	53
Adapting to land-fill gas…
…role of mycorrhizae	114
Adaptability to poorly aerated soils	50
Air pollution	7, 35
Anatomical effects	45
Anti-viral compounds	44
Arborist practices (I.P.M.)	71
Apple scab control	100
Apple tree borer, flat-headed…
…control of	111
Arid environment	110
Armillaria mellea…
…rhizomorph development	97
Ash, remedy for chlorosis	98
Austrian pine, improvement of	90
Backfill effects on roots	46
Bacteria, xylem-related (oak scorch)	75
Bagworm populations	65
Bark-beetles (elm)
… attracted by pruning on wrong date	104
…feeding on elms	79
Barrier zones (re vascular combium)	73
Baskets, wire, effects on tree growth	113
Benefits of trees	7
Benomyl	2
Beta-glucoside level/microbial ecology…
… of salt-injured sugar maples	91
Biochemical effects	45
Biological controls	61, 66
Birch	31,34
Birch, paper
…defoliation stress vs. borers	123
…moisture stress vs. borers	123
…nutrient stress vs. borers	123
…resistance to bronze birch borer	123
Borers	31, 34, 42
…apple flat-headed, in maple, controll 11
…bronze birch, resistance in paper …birch	123
…entomogenous nematodes against 129
…two-lined chestnut, prediction in …oaks	130
Branch dieback, of dogwood	69
Bursaphelenchus lignicolus	51
Cambium, vascular (re barrier zones)	73
Canker, Thyronectria, of honeylocust 76
…from high temperature under summer
…wrap	108
Canopy radius, to predict root spread 1 27
Carbohydrate reserves
… tree vigor & borer attack prediction 130
Ceratocystis ulmi	79,102
Chloropicrin…
…as systemic fungicide in elm	92
Chlorosis	57
... of ornamental ash, remedy for	98
…of pin oak, iron sufate treatment	85
Choice, characteristics, suitability…
…for landscaping	16, 20, 21,25, 35, 38
…for storm-resistance	72
…for street trees	40
Clones…
…of honeylocust, vs. mimosa
…web worm	88
Control—see Disease…, Insect…
Compaction of soil, how to reduce	82
Computer system (diagnosis)	55
Conductance, hydraulic, of roots	132
Conifers	60
Construction damage, education to
…prevent	117
Container dimensions (street trees)	80
Containers, water for trees in	80
Cornus florida:
…branch dieback of	69
…response to moisture stress	77
Cornus nuttalli, anthracnose of	52
Crown of tree, water stress	121
Cryptorhopalum sp.	66
Curriculum for safety training,
…arborists	107
Cytospora	15,27
Dates for pruning elms	104
Decay:	37, 54
… barrier zones against	73
…control by injected fumigants	67
…(heartwood) external indicators	68
Decline	29, 41, 62
Deficiencies	13,24,48
Defoliation	12
…of birch, paper: re borer resistance	122
…of oak, red: re physiology	122
Deterioration	54
Diagnosis	55
Dieback:
…of dogwood	69
…of oak	74
Disease control	43, 44, 52, 54, 56, 62
Dogwood, Pacific…
…anthracnose, etiology & control	52
Dogwood, Flowering…
…branch dieback, etiology & control	69
…moisture stress	77
Dormant pruning	63, 84
Drought
…intolerance in seedlings	112
…-tolerant rootstocks	83
Dutch elm disease	2, 79
…resistance toward	102
Education, to prevent construction
…damage	117
Electricity	3
Elm	2, 79
…American, resistance to
…DED & EPN	102
…chloropicrin in: systemic fungicide	92
…leaf beetle nutrition, re density	101
… pruning of, re bark beetle attraction	104
… resistant to DED and EPN	102
…Siberian, elm leaf beetle on	101
Environment	34
…arid	110
… street tree-	106
… urban	106
…urban, re root pathogens	116
Epidemiology	41,43,56
…of oak dieback	74
Ethane	39
Etiology	41, 52
…of dogwood branch dieback	69
Fertilizer…
…type & level, re Verticillium wilt	125
Fertilizing	13, 23, 28
Fill (backfill)	46
Frangipan soil…
…tree roots in, after vertical mulching	l20
Fumigants, to control decay	67
Fungi, fungal diseases	2, 6, 11, 15, 24
Fungicides	2, 6
…for disease prevention on shade
…trees	103
…systemic, chloropicrin as, in elm	92
Gas, landfill; role of mycorrhizae	114
Girdling	19, 22
Girth, to predict root spread	127
Greenspire linden	64
Growth	9, 16, 19, 23, 30
…acceleration by mycorrhizae	78
…regulators	49
…retardants, evaluation of new	115
…street-tree, per site factors	106
…transplanting success influenced
…by	126
…water-stress influence on	121
…wire-basket influence on	113, 124
Gypsy moth	66
Herbicides	4, 19, 58
Herbicide-treated soils…
…barriers to exclude roots	95
Herbivore performance…
…on red oak: water deficit …
…defoliation	122
Honeylocust	43
…clones, vs. mimosa webworm	88
… Thyronectria canker of	76
…moisture stress of	76
…pod-gall midge	86
Hormones	49
Hydraulic conductance, of roots	132
Identification of
…root pathogens	116
Indicators…
…external (of heartwood decay)	68
Injection	1, 24, 67
…of iron sulfate into pin oaks	85
…-spile design	96
Insecticides	26, 31
Insects, Insect pests	24, 26, 31, 32
…initial occurrence of (phenology)	87
…seasonal development of
…(phenology)	99
Integrated pest management, arborists	71
IPM	71, 100
Iron deficiency	13, 57
…iron sulfate injection to control	85
…resistance to	119
Landfill gas
…role of mycorrhizae in adapting to	114
Landscaping, new trees for	81
Light effects	9
Lilac borer	61
Linden, Greenspire	64
Locust, Honey- (see Honeylocust)
Lymantria dispar	66
Management	4, 5
…program, root-system development
…in	118
Manganese deficiency	48
Maple(s)	29, 41, 48
…nursery-grown, borer host/stress
…relation	111
Maple, Norway
…rootstock resistant to Verticillium	128
Maple, sugar…
…salt injury & microbial ecology of	91
Methods	1, 13, 24
Microbial ecology…
…of salt-injured sugar maples	91
Midge, pod-gall, of honeylocust	86
Mimosa webworm, on honeylocust	88
Miticides	26
Moisture [see also Water(ing)]
Moisture
…demands in arid environment	110
…stress of flowering dogwood	77
…stress of honey locust
…(re Thyronectria)	76
Mulching, vertical, in frangipan soils	120
Mulches, common types, re tree
…establishment	131
Mycorrhizae	47, 78
…role in adaptation to landfill gas	114
Mycoplasm, resistance to	102
Nematode(s), entomogenous	61
…effectiveness vs. tree-boring
…insects	129
Nematode(s), pinewood	51
Neoplectana carpocapsae	61
Neoplectana bibionls	61
Nitrogen	28, 36
Nursery practices	12, 16
Nutrient stress
…in birch, paper: re bronze birch
…borer	123
Nutrition	13, 23, 24, 28, 36
Oak	32
…carbohydrate reserve, re vigor	130
…dieback, epidemiology & control	74
…scorch, xylem-limited bacteria	75
…two-lined chestnut borer attacks	130
Oak, pin…
…iron chlorosis resistance	119
…iron chlorosis treatment	85
Oak, red…
…physiology, water deficit,
…defoliation	122
Oil sprays	26
Ozone tolerance	35, 93
Pavement, roots vs. herbicides under	95
Pecan	21
Pest management, bagworm	65
Phenology…
… re insect initial occurrence	87
…re insect seasonal development	99
Phloem necrosis disease of elm	102
Phosphorus	28
Physiology	3, 22
…red oak: water deficiency …
…defoliation	122
Phytophthora: on sugar maple	56
Phytotoxicity	26
Pin oak…
…iron chlorosis resistance in	119
…iron chlorosis treatment of	85
Pine, Austrian	90
Pine, white…
…decline of	62
… ozone-tolerant seedlings of	93
Pinewood nematode	51
Pinus nigra	90
Pinus strobus	62
Pollution, air	7, 35
Pollution, soil-	10
Populations…
…pest	32
…of mimosa webworm on honeylocust	88
Potassium	28
Predicting…
… root spread from girth & canopy	127
…two-lined chestnut borer in oaks	130
Propagation	14
… of elms resistant to DED and EPN	102
Pruning
… bark beetle attraction to wounds	104
…dates, re elm bark beetle attraction	104
…dormant, re transplanting	63
…dormant, re later shoot-root ratios	84
…self-	59
Resistance…	10, 34, 58, 60
…to bronze birch borer, by paper
…birch	123
…to drought, by rootstocks	83
…to iron chlorosis, by pin oaks	119
… to soil temperature alteration	94
… to storms, selection for	72
…to Verticillium wilt, by Norway
…maple	128
Rhizomorphs, of Armillariamellea	97
Root ball size and shape…
…re transplanting survival	89
Root(s)	22, 23, 30, 33
…bare- (growth after planting)	63
…barriers to restrict growth of	95
…growth	47
…growth into herbicide-treated soils	95
…hydraulic conductance	132
…in poorly aerated soils	50
…pathogens, identification …
…control of	116
…penetration	46
…potential after summer
…transplanting	109
… proliferation after vertical mulching	120
…spread predicted by girth & canopy	127
…system development	118
Rootstocks…
…Norway maple, resistant to
… Verticillium	128
…tolerant to drought	83
Safety training curriculum	107
Salt injury	10, 60
…re sugar maple microbial ecology	91
Scale insects	32
…damage by, re plant stress	70
Scorch:
…of oak, re xylem-limited bacteria	75
Selection (tree)	16, 20, 21, 25, 58, 60
…criteria for, ozone tolerance	92
… elms resistant to DEDand EPN	102
…for tolerance to altered soil temp	94
Selection… [see also Choice]
Siberian elm, leaf beetle on	101
Smothering	50
Soil compaction…
…effects on roots	47
…methods to reduce	82
Soil conditions, Mn deficiency	48
Soil scoring, effects on roots	46
Soil temperature alteration, tolerance	94
Soils…
…frangipan, vertical mulching for	120
…poorly aerated	50
Spiles, design for chemical injection	96
Spraying	4, 6, 12, 26
…single application vs. apple scab	100
Spruce	15, 27
Storage	12
Storm resistance, selection for	72
Street trees (container), water for	80
…site environment of, re growth …
…survival	106
Stem diameter, to predict root spread 127
Stress	3, 8, 11, 27, 39
Stress, amelioration…
… by mycorrhizal symbiosis	78
Stress, moisture…
…of flowering dogwood	77
…of honeylocust, re Thyronectria	76
Stress, plant…
…effect on borers and maple-tree
…hosts	111
… effect on scale insect damage	70
Stress, water: relation to growth	121
Sugar maples, salt injury to	91
Summer transplanting/nursery, re root
…growth	109
Survey	5, 38
Survival of trees in street sites	106
Sweetgum	11
Sycamore, selection of	25
Symbiosis, mycorrhizal (re growth)	78
Temperature
…cambial, re summer wraps …
…damage	108
…soil, tolerance to alteration	94
Thyronectria	43
…canker of honeylocust	76
…moisture stress effect upon	76
Tolerance… [see Resistance]
Training curriculum for safety	107
Transplanting…
…after urban acclimatization	53
…back-fill & soil scoring effect on	46
…bare-root vs. tree-spade	18
…chemical defoliation re survival in	12
…dormant-pruning influence on	63, 84
…Greenspire linden	64
…growth regulators and	49
…growth/water relations re success	126
…harvestdate, nitrogen, moisturere	36
…mulch effects on establishment of
…trees	131
…recovery rates, small vs. large
…trees	105
… root-ball size & shape, effect on	89
… root regeneration after	33
…shock-reduction in	59, 78
…survival, urban factors	8
…survival rates of 184 species	40
Ulmus americana	92
…selection, to resist DED & EPN	102
Ulmus pumila	101
Urban environment	53
Urban soils	47
Urban tree survival, factors	8
Vector(s): of nematodes	51
Verticillium dahliae	28
Verticillium wilt…
…effects of fertilizer type & level	125
…resistance in Norway maple
…rootstock	128
Virus	44
Water	17, 36
…deficit, influence on red oak	122
…requirements by container trees	80
…stress in tree crown, re growth	121
…stress re transplanting success	126
…use efficiency in seedlings
…(re drought)	112
Webworm, mimosa…
…populationson honeylocust	88
Weed control	4, 19, 58
White pine	62
…ozone tolerant seedlings of	93
Wire baskets, effect on tree
…growth	113, 124
Wounding	1, 45
Wound treatment(s)	37
Wraps, summer, re cambial
…temperature	108
Xanthogaleruca luteola	101
Xylem-limited bacteria, oak scorch	75
Zinc deficiency	24
Zones, barrier, re vascular cambium	73