TY - JOUR T1 - Fungicides for Dutch ELM Disease: Comparative Evaluation of Commercial Products JF - Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) JO - JOA SP - 189 LP - 195 DO - 10.48044/jauf.1987.041 VL - 13 IS - 8 AU - Gerald N. Lanier Y1 - 1987/08/01 UR - http://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/13/8/189.abstract N2 - The commercial fungicide formulations, Arbotect 20-S, Phyton-27, Fungi-Sol, and biological product, Binab-T, were injected into juvenile (ave. 17.5 cm diameter) American elms prior to (prophylactic) or after (therapeutic) the trees were inoculated with the Dutch elm disease (DED)-causing fungus, Ceratocystis ulmi. Samples of all trees were cultured to verify establishment of C. ulmi and DED symptom development was monitored for two growing seasons. At the end of the second growing season none of 20 Arbotect-injected trees (prophylactic and therapeutic) displayed DED symptoms. Fungi-Sol and Binab prophylactic groups (5 and 10 trees, respectively) contained significantly fewer diseased trees than the control group, but no treatment, other than Arbotect, showed significant therapeutic effect. Sapwood damage associated with each of the treatments was greater than that associated with injection of water. Discolored sapwood was localized around injection sites in Fungi-Sol and Binab-treated trees, but extended a maximum of 2 m and 6 m, respectively, above the points of injection of Arbotect and Phyton. Injection holes were overgrown and closed for all water, Fungi-Sol, and Binab treatments while one Arbotect and five Phyton-treated elms had injection holes that remained open and were weeping with bacterial slime flux. Two trees treated with a high dosage of Phyton had an aggregate of five open lesions associated with injection holes. ER -