RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Field and Laboratory Evaluations of Bacillus Thuringiensis Strains for Control of ELM Leaf Beetle JF Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) JO JOA FD International Society of Arboriculture SP 31 OP 34 DO 10.48044/jauf.1989.008 VO 15 IS 2 A1 Whitney S. Cranshaw A1 Steven J. Day A1 Thomas J. Gritzmacher A1 Rick J. Zimmerman YR 1989 UL http://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/15/2/31.abstract AB The elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Muller), is a serious defoliating pest of elm throughout much of North America. Petrochemically-derived insecticidal sprays have been a common management practice for this insect but increasing environmental concerns and regulatory restrictions have required that alternative insecticides be considered. Recently, new strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (“San Diego”, “tenebrionis”) which have activity against leaf feeding beetles have been discovered and become available. Field and laboratory trials indicate that these are highly effective against larvae of elm leaf beetle. Some adulticidal activity also is present with these formulations. Persistence of the tested formulations on foliage was short so proper timing of treatments is important for effective control.