RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Effects of 3 Trunk Support Systems on Growth of Young Pyrus calleryana Trees JF Arboriculture & Urban Forestry JO JOA FD International Society of Arboriculture SP 319 OP 324 DO 10.48044/jauf.1999.042 VO 25 IS 6 A1 Švihra, Pavel A1 Burger, David A1 Ellis, Deborah YR 1999 UL http://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/25/6/319.abstract AB Trunk support of newly planted Pyrus calleryana saplings (from 57-L [15-gal] containers, 280 cm [9 ft] tall) for 2 years with 2 stakes was compared with the TreeSaver™ Tree Anchoring System (3 rubber support straps anchoring each tree) and with a prototype of Bio-Tie (single-stake system holding each tree in an upright position with a flexible cord allowing for multidirectional movement of each tree). During the first year after installation, the double-staked trees grew taller than those supported with Tree Saver or Bio-Tie systems (P < 0.05). After the trunk supports were removed and the trees were allowed to sway normally in the third year, the differences in growth increase disappeared. The Bio-Tie-supported tree trunks developed significantly more taper than either Tree Saver or the 2 stakes and remained more tapered after the stem supports were removed.