PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Švihra, Pavel AU - Burger, David AU - Ellis, Deborah TI - Effects of 3 Trunk Support Systems on Growth of Young <em>Pyrus Calleryana</em> Trees AID - 10.48044/jauf.1999.042 DP - 1999 Nov 01 TA - Arboriculture &amp; Urban Forestry (AUF) PG - 319--324 VI - 25 IP - 6 4099 - http://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/25/6/319.short 4100 - http://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/25/6/319.full SO - JOA1999 Nov 01; 25 AB - Trunk support of newly planted Pyrus calleryana saplings (from 57-L [15-gal] containers, 280 cm [9 ft] tall) for 2 years with 2 stakes was compared with the TreeSaver™ Tree Anchoring System (3 rubber support straps anchoring each tree) and with a prototype of Bio-Tie (single-stake system holding each tree in an upright position with a flexible cord allowing for multidirectional movement of each tree). During the first year after installation, the double-staked trees grew taller than those supported with Tree Saver or Bio-Tie systems (P &lt; 0.05). After the trunk supports were removed and the trees were allowed to sway normally in the third year, the differences in growth increase disappeared. The Bio-Tie-supported tree trunks developed significantly more taper than either Tree Saver or the 2 stakes and remained more tapered after the stem supports were removed.