PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - A.H. Nelson
AU  - G.W. Hudler
TI  - A Summary of North American Hardwood Tree Diseases with Bleeding Canker Symptoms
AID  - 10.48044/jauf.2007.013
DP  - 2007 Mar 01
TA  - Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
PG  - 122--131
VI  - 33
IP  - 2
4099  - http://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/33/2/122.short
4100  - http://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/33/2/122.full
AB  - Although the presence of bleeding cankers on deciduous trees may raise fears of the presence of Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death, other pathogens also cause similar symptoms. This review of hardwood tree diseases with bleeding canker symptoms provides an overview of available information of these diseases, providing a diagnosis guide as well as a stimulus for continued research in these areas.