@article {Stalter152, author = {Richard Stalter and Dwight Kincaid and Michael Byer}, title = {Control of Nonnative Invasive Woody Plant Species at Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, New York City}, volume = {35}, number = {3}, pages = {152--156}, year = {2009}, doi = {10.48044/jauf.2009.027}, publisher = {Arboriculture \& Urban Forestry (AUF)}, abstract = {Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge (JBWR) is situated within Jamaica Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean at the western end of Long Island, New York, U.S. (40{\textdegree}35' N latitude, 72{\textdegree}52' W longitude) within Brooklyn and Queens, boroughs of New York City. The vouchered vascular flora of the refuge consists of 456 species within 270 genera and 90 families of which 222 species, 49\% of the flora, are nonnative. The most aggressive woody alien species are tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), autumn olive (E. umbellata), buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), and porcelain berry (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata). Ailanthus altissima, Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, and Celastrus orbiculatus are the most aggressive of the aforementioned aliens. These and additional woody nonnative vascular species can be removed from small areas of a few square meters by cutting, herbicide treatment or hand-pulling. It may be impossible to control, much less eradicate these alien invasives from Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge. This article presents guidelines for a scientific and experimental approach to this problem.}, issn = {1935-5297}, URL = {https://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/35/3/152}, eprint = {https://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/35/3/152.full.pdf}, journal = {Arboriculture \& Urban Forestry (AUF)} }