PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - McPherson, E. Gregory
TI  - Expenditures Associated with Conflicts Between Street Tree Root Growth and Hardscape in California, United States
AID  - 10.48044/jauf.2000.036
DP  - 2000 Nov 01
TA  - Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
PG  - 289--297
VI  - 26
IP  - 6
4099  - http://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/26/6/289.short
4100  - http://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/26/6/289.full
SO  - JOA2000 Nov 01; 26
AB  - A survey of 18 California cities indicated that approximately $70.7 million (se $11.1 million) was spent annually statewide due to conflicts between street tree root growth and sidewalks, curbs and gutters, and street pavement. The largest single expenditure was for sidewalk repair ($23 million, se $9.5 million), followed by curb and gutter repair ($11.8 million, se $2.6 million), and trip and fall payments and legal staff time ($10.1 million, se $2.2 million). Property owners paid 39% and 17% of tree-related sidewalk and curb and gutter repair costs, respectively. Substantial funds were invested to remove and replace trees in conflict with hardscape ($6.8 million, se $3.6 million), and for inspection and repair administration programs ($5.9 million, se $1.3 million). Root pruning ($2.5 million, se $2.0 million) and root barriers ($676,854, se $175,655) were the most important mitigation and prevention measures. Restricted planting space and the type of tree species selected were reported as the most important factors responsible for hardscape damage.