TY - JOUR T1 - Low Cycle Fatigue Failure of a Sitka Spruce Tree in Hurricane Winds JF - Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) SP - 272 LP - 285 DO - 10.48044/jauf.2014.026 VL - 40 IS - 5 AU - Warren B. Leigh Y1 - 2014/09/01 UR - http://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/40/5/272.abstract N2 - Pine plantations are prone to stem breakage due to high cyclic stress levels associated with hurricane force winds. Stress analytical and finite element simulation models were constructed of a representative profile of a (Sitka) Picea sitchensis tree. The profile surface stress (S) was determined due to the combined load of tree self-weight and hurricane wind speed. The results were complemented by reference to two other studies by other researchers that investigated the impact of fatigue cycles on failure (N) of pine wood and tree sway cycles to present a stem fatigue life prediction. The position of maximum surface profile stress and trunk fracture initiation location was ascertained from a non-uniform stress response. No stress uniformity along the trunk profile was observed for any wind-load case examined. The analytical model and finite element analysis of the P. sitchensis tree trunk profile revealed a statically adequate strength reserve factor of 1.4, which suggested another mode of failure was responsible. Fatigue life failure prediction was examined under cyclic and same-stress amplitude related to the hurricane wind speed of 33 m s−1. Predicted trunk fracture occurred in 2.6 hours, which dramatically reduced to two minutes with an increase in wind speed of only 1 m s−1. The calculated exposure time was similar to that recorded during Hurricane Hugo’s transit in 1989. The time-to-failure prediction obtained by the method of analysis provided in this study seemed plausible, and that the profile associated with the P. sitchensis tree would suffer trunk breakage by low cycle fatigue failure. ER -