RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 A Monitoring System and Development of Ecologically Sound Treatments for ELM Leaf Beetle
JF Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
JO JOA
FD International Society of Arboriculture
SP 181
OP 186
DO 10.48044/jauf.1993.030
VO 19
IS 4
A1 Donald L. Dahlsten
A1 Susan M. Tait
A1 David L. Rowney
A1 Beverly J. Gingg
YR 1993
UL http://auf.isa-arbor.com/content/19/4/181.abstract
AB Elm leaf beetle (Xanthogaleruca luteola) damage can be predicted in time to determine if treatment is necessary by determining the percentage of 30 cm (1 ft), branch terminals with ELB eggs. Sampling must be done and treatment decisions made separately for each ELB generation. When over 45% of branch terminals have ELB eggs in the week when egg density is at a maximum, treatment is warranted for the first generation; in the second generation when 30% of branches have eggs. Monitoring degree-days allows sampling and treatments to be scheduled for maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Environmentally acceptable treatments under development include release of the egg parasite Tetrastichus gallerucae, trunk banding with insecticide, and foliar spraying with Bacillus thuringiensis formulations. These methods have been developed primarily for English elm in northern and central California.