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Research ArticleArticles

Contribution of Urban Trees to Ecosystem Services in Lisbon: A Comparative Study Between Gardens and Street Trees

Eugenio Ferretti, Ana Luísa Soares, Leónia Nunes, Inês Marques Duarte and Susana Dias
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) May 2025, jauf.2025.013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2025.013
Eugenio Ferretti
Dipartimento di Architettura (DIDA), Università degli Studi di Firenze UNIFI, Italy, Centre for Applied Ecology “Professor Baeta Neves” (CEABN), InBIO, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ana Luísa Soares
Centre for Applied Ecology “Professor Baeta Neves” (CEABN), InBIO, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
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Leónia Nunes
Centre for Applied Ecology “Professor Baeta Neves” (CEABN), InBIO, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
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Inês Marques Duarte
Centre for Applied Ecology “Professor Baeta Neves” (CEABN), InBIO, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
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Susana Dias
Centre for Applied Ecology “Professor Baeta Neves” (CEABN), InBIO, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
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Article Figures & Data

Figures

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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    Location of Lisbon, Portugal (dots represent the study area locations).

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    Figure 2.

    Locations of the parishes and gardens studied in Lisbon.

  • Figure 3.
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    Figure 3.

    Teófilo Braga Garden tree inventory.

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    Figure 4.

    França Borges Garden tree inventory.

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    Figure 5.

    Guerra Junqueiro Garden tree inventory.

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    Figure 6.

    Altered management scenarios in Teófilo Braga Garden: (#2) MEI scenario; (#3) DO scenario; (#4) RMT scenario.

  • Figure 7.
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    Figure 7.

    Comparison of average DBH (mean ± 95% CI) for main selected species in Garden and Street trees. The numbers of specimens studied in gardens and streets are in brackets.

  • Figure 8.
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    Figure 8.

    Comparison of average canopy cover (mean ± 95% CI) for main selected species in Garden and Street trees. The numbers of specimens studied in gardens and streets are in brackets.

  • Figure 9.
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    Figure 9.

    Average carbon sequestration (mean ± 95% CI) for main selected species in Garden and Street trees. The numbers of specimens studied in gardens and streets are in brackets.

  • Figure 10.
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    Figure 10.

    Average stormwater management (mean ± 95% CI) for main selected species in Garden and Street trees. The numbers of specimens studied in gardens and streets are in brackets.

  • Figure 11.
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    Figure 11.

    Average air pollutant removal (mean ± 95% CI) for main selected species in Garden and Street trees. The numbers of specimens studied in gardens and streets are in brackets.

Tables

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    Table 1.

    Biodiversity indices comparison between studied gardens.

    Abundance (n)Density (n/ha)Richness (S)Shannon (H’)Evenness (E)Dominance (%)
    Teófilo Braga103314191.330.4577
    Guerra Junqueiro632351174.080.8614
    França Borges157131432.740.7345
    Street trees6,928-1313.670.7324
    Total7,820-2143.850.7224
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    Table 2.

    Vegetation composition average value comparison between streets trees and studied gardens.

    Abundance (n)Dominance (%)DBH (cm)Height (m)Crown width (m)Canopy cover (m2)
    Street trees6,9282428.3710.426.6243.90
    Garden trees8922639.0912.788.5477.66
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    Table 3.

    Scenario results for structures and ES in the Teófilo Braga Garden. ES (ecosystem services); BAU (Business as Usual); MEI (Metro Expansion Impact); DO (Disease Outbreak); RMT (Removal of Monumental Trees).

    Trees structuresES
    Canopy cover (ha)Average DBH growth (cm)Avoided runoff (m3)Carbon sequestration (kg)
    1. BAU1.090.4062.4350
    2. MEI0.960.4151.7350
    3. DO0.770.4146.8340
    4. RMT1.020.4157.6340
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Arboriculture & Urban Forestry: 51 (3)
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF)
Vol. 51, Issue 3
May 2025
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Contribution of Urban Trees to Ecosystem Services in Lisbon: A Comparative Study Between Gardens and Street Trees
Eugenio Ferretti, Ana Luísa Soares, Leónia Nunes, Inês Marques Duarte, Susana Dias
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) May 2025, jauf.2025.013; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2025.013

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Contribution of Urban Trees to Ecosystem Services in Lisbon: A Comparative Study Between Gardens and Street Trees
Eugenio Ferretti, Ana Luísa Soares, Leónia Nunes, Inês Marques Duarte, Susana Dias
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) May 2025, jauf.2025.013; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2025.013
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