Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Regrowth response of sycamore, silver maple, bigleaf male, cottonwood, water oak, hackberry, and red maple to injected dikegulac or maleic hydrazide at different locations. The treatments were made in the spring of first year and regrowth measurements were taken at the end of the first and second growing season following injection.
Tables
Common Name Formulation Chemical Name Species Treated Ancymidol A-Rest -cyclopropyl- -(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyramidine = methanol Silver maple Chlormequat Cycocel (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonimum chloride Silver maple Daminozide Alar Succinic acid, 2, 2-dimethylhydrazide Silver maple, American elm, sycamore, cottonwood, Norway maple, white ash, red oak, eucalyptus, white pine Dikegulac Atrinal 2,3:4,6-bis-0-(1-methyl-ethylidene)-L-xylo-2-hexulo-furanosonic acid, Na salt Silver maple, red oak, eucalyptus, white pine, cottonwood, sycamore, poplar, white ash, water oak, black locust, black cherry, river birch, quaking aspen, melaleuca, Australian pine, redwood, black walnut DOWCO 391X M-4335 N, N, N-tributyl-3-(tri-fluoromethyl) benzene-thanaminum chloride Black locust, silver maple, eucalyptus, white ash, American sycamore DPX-1108 Krenite Ammonium ethyl carbamoylphosphonate Black locust, silver maple, white ash, eucalyptus, American sycamore, red oak Fluoridamid Sustar 2-S N-[4-methyl-3-[(trifluoro-methyl)-sulfonyl] = amino] phenyl] acetamide Silver maple FMC 10637 Ethyl hydrogen 1 -propylphosphonate Silver maple Maleic hydrazide Slo-Gro 1,2-dihydro-3, 6-pyradazinedione Silver maple, sycamore, cottonwood, Norway maple, white oak, white ash, red oak, eucalyptus, white pine, poplar, hackberry, red maple, pin oak, black locust, Australian pine, black cherry, melaleaca, aspen, river birch, redwood, yellow poplar, willow Mefluidide Embark N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[(tri-fluoromethyl) = sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide Silver maple, cottonwood NAA Tre-Hold 1 -naphthaleneacetic acid, ethyl ester Silver maple, black locust, white ash, sycamore, eucalyptus UNI-P293 2,3-dihydro-5, 6-diphenyl-1,4 oxathin Silver maple Common name Formulation Chemical name Species tested Ancymidol A-Rest -cyclopropyl- -(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyramidine = methanol American elm Chlorflurenol Maintain CF-125 Methyl-2, 7-dichloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate American elm Chlormequat Cycocel (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonimum chloride American elm Daminozide Alar Succinic acid, 2, 2-dimethylhydrazide American elm, sycamore, Siberian elm, silver maple, red oak, white pine Dikegulac Atrinal 2,3:4,6-bis-0-(1 -methyl-ethylidene)-L-xylo-2-hexulo-furanosonic acid, Na salt American elm, sycamore, Siberian elm, red maple, water oak, poplar, silver maple, red oak, shamel ash, eucalyptus, sweetgum, red alder, melaleuca, white pine, hackberry, cottonwood, bigleaf maple NIA 10637 Propylphosphonic acid American elm NIA 1 0656 Ethyl hydrogen 1-propyl-phosphonate American elm TIBA Regim-8 2,3,5-triodobenzoic acid American elm - Table 3.
Growth and phytotoxic response of various woody species to six plant growth regulating chemicals.
Growth and phytotoxicity responsea Chemical 0 + ++ +++ ++++ – Daminozide White pine, eucalyptus, red oak, sycamore Silver maple, cottonwood, Norway maple, white ash American elm Dikegulac White ash, black locust, redwood, black walnut Eucalyptus, white pine, cottonwood, poplar, black cherry, quaking aspen Sycamore, water oak, river birch Silver maple, Australian pine Red oak Maleic hydrazide Cottonwood, Norway maple, redwood, red oak, aspen, melaleuca, red maple, black walnut, tilip tree White pine, pin oak White ash, eucalyptus, Australian pine, black cherry Sycamore, poplar, hackberry, black locust, river birch, willow Silver maple, white oak DOWCO 391 Eucalyptus White ash Silver maple, black locust, sycamore Krenite Black locust, eucalyptus Silver maple, white ash, sycamore NAA Silver maple, white ash, eucalyptus Sycamore ↵a The growth and phytotoxic response was classified into six categories: 0 = non-significant growth reduction with acceptable toxicity; + = significant growth reduction of 25% or less with acceptable toxicity; + + = significant growth reduction between 25 to 49% with acceptable toxicity; + + + = significant growth reduction between 50 to 74% with acceptable toxicity; + + + = significant growth reduction of 75% or greater with acceptable toxicity and; - = non-significant growth reduction and toxicity unacceptable.
- Table 4.
Influence of dikegulac and maleic hydrazide on the trimming cycle of various species.
Treatment year Species Location Estimated extension of trimming cycle (years) Dikegulac MH 1977 Red oak* Lorain, OH 1 0 1977 Shamel ash Hayward, CA 1 0 1979 Water oak Columbus, GA 1 0 1979-80 Bigleaf maple Portland, OR 1 0 1979-80 Cotton-wood Minneapolis, MN 0 0 1980 Melaleuca St. Petersburg, FL 1 1 1980 Hackberry Augusta, GA 1 2 1980 Hackberry Fort Worth, T× 1 1 1980 Lombardy poplar St. Louis, MO 0 0 1980 Red maple Stamford, CT 0 0 ↵* Trees located in natural woodstand
- Table 5.
Effect of injected dikegulac and maleic hydrazide on the trimming cycle of American sycamore, silver maple, and eucalyptus at various locations.
Treatment Location Estimated extension of trimming cycle (years) Dikegulac MH Sycamore 1977 Philadelphia, PA 1 1 1977 Augusta, GA* 0 0 1977 San Jose, CA 1 0 1979 St. Louis, MO 1 0 1979 Philadelphia, PA 0 0 Silver maple 1977 Elyria, OH 0 0 1977 Delaware, OH* 2 1 1979 Hagerstown, MD 1 0 1980 Erie, PA 0 0 Eucalyptus 1977 Greenfield, CA 2 2 1978 Hayward, CA 1 1 1980 St. Petersburg, FL 1 0
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