Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
A simplified model of the development of vegetation on a right-of-way showing dominant life forms.
- Fig. 2.
Low dense cover of forest species (bracken, sedge, loosestrife, blueberry) in 1958, 5 years after a stem-foliage spray (IIC).
- Fig. 3.
Dominant blackberry and goldenrod on the same stem-foliage spray area (IIC) in 1981, with a dense patch of trees in the background.
- Fig. 4.
Rhizomes and shoots of low early blueberry provides for vegetative spread on the ROW.
- Fig. 5.
A dense patch of low early blueberry on a broadcast area (IVF) in 1973. A few small white oak and red maple seedlings are emerging from the blueberry patch.
- Fig. 6.
A large patch of tall meadow fescue with sweetfern invading in 1973 (IF). No emerging trees from this grass patch.
- Fig. 7.
Witch-hazel edge on the ROW in a selective basal spray area (HE) furnished food and cover for wildlife.
- Fig. 8.
Blackberry on a broadcast spray area (IIF) of the ROW with abundant berries.
- Fig. 9.
White-tailed deer on the ROW access road in a stem-foliage spray area in 1976. (IC).
Tables
- Table 1.
Control of target species on the ROW. Each value is an average of 4 replications. Sprays were applied in 1953 and 1966 (see Methods).
Date Treatment Oaks Red maple Black cherry Misc. hdwds Sassafras Bear oak Witchhazel Total No. living plants over 3 ft. ht. per acre 1957 A 408 158 — 288 1282 126 — 2262 B 14 — — 2 4 24 — 44 C 2 8 — 14 2 2 — 28 D 4 8 — 8 124 14 — 158 E 28 2 — 4 1182 8 — 1224 F 0 10 — 16 0 2 — 28 Average B-F 133 1969 A 276 74 0 2 2 116 36 506 B 2 0 0 0 0 36 6 44 C 2 4 0 0 0 40 0 46 D 2 0 2 0 2 22 26 54 E 0 0 0 0 0 14 30 44 F 2 0 2 0 0 12 26 42 Average B-F 46 1980 A 630 238 56 14 32 256 292 1518 B 34 216 16 4 44 98 36 448 C 66 166 64 22 52 80 64 514 D 112 78 22 16 66 96 116 622 E 105 75 3 3 317 186 133 822 F 50 178 40 2 26 26 326 654 Average B-F 612 Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis Blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium Vaccinum vacillans Bracken Pteridium aquilinum Cherry, black Prunus serotina pin Prunus pennsylvanica Dewberry Rubus hispidus Fern, hayscented Dennstaedtia punctilobula Fescue, meadow Festuca elatlor Fireweed Erechtites hieracifolia Goldenrod Solidago graminifolia Solidago rugosa Hickory Carya spp. Huckleberry Gaylussacia baccate Loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia Maple, red Acer rubrum Oak, bear Quercus ilicifolia black Quercus velutina chestnut Quercus montana red Quercus rubra white Quercus alba Panic grass Panicum commutatum Panicum latifolium Sassafras Sassafras albidum Sedge, vernal Carex pensylvanica Sweetfern Comptonia peregrina Teaberry Gaultheria procumbens Wild Sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana American goldfinch Spinus tristis Brown thrasher Toxostoma rufum Catbird Dumetella carolinensis Common flicker Colaptes auratus Cottontail rabbit Sylvilagus floridanus Field sparrow Spizella pusilia E. diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus Gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Indigo bunting Passerine cyanea Mice Peromyscus spp. Opossum Didelphis marsupialis Red fox Vulpes fulva Robin Turdus migratorius Ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus Rufous-sided towhee Pipilo erythrophtalmus Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Skunk Mephitis mephitis White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Wild turkey Meleagris gallopayo Woodchuck Marmota monax Yellow-rumped warbler Dendroica coronata Yellow-throat Geothlypis trichas
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