LYNCH, J.A. 1981. Know your winter trees. Am. Forests 87(2): 11-17.
In summer, nature makes identification easy, outfitting each tree with its own distinctive leaves, but in winter the trees are stripped and we must look for other traits. A favorite image of winter’s deciduous trees must certainly be the silhouette, that bare outline against the sky that reveals identity through the pattern of trunk and branches. Winter trees hold many secrets, but some of the mysteries can be unraveled by simple outdoor detective work. Silhouettes are useful, of course, for trees that are free-standing; but bark, twigs, leaf scars, winter buds, over-wintering fruit, seed pods, habitat, and geographical range should also be noted.
GREY, G.W. et al. 1981. Urban forestry. Landscape and Turf 25(7): 12-13.
Foresters have long been involved with city trees: some formally as city foresters, and many informally as interested citizens. It was not until the late 1960s, however, that the concept of urban forestry began to emerge strongly. During the 1970s the number of foresters working in urban situations increased significantly. In just a decade, the field has gained greatly in scope and acceptance. Conventional foresters are limited in urban environment, however, unless they also have an appreciation and working knowledge of other disciplines. To the solid base of traditional forestry must be added training in such areas as landscape design, arboriculture, turf management, urban planning, and public finance. Indeed, most foresters currently working in urban areas have supplemental formal or informal training in many of these areas.
- © 1982, International Society of Arboriculture. All rights reserved.
